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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2041-2052.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14142

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同间套作模式对棉花产量和生物量累积、分配的影响

李鑫1(), 王剑2, 李亚兵2,*(), 韩迎春2, 王占彪2, 冯璐2, 王国平1,2, 熊世武2, 李存东1,*(), 李小飞2,*()   

  1. 1棉花生物学国家重点实验室河北基地 / 河北农业大学农学院, 河北保定 071001
    2棉花生物学国家重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院棉花研究所, 河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-09 接受日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-12-21
  • 通讯作者: 李亚兵,李存东,李小飞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lixinhbau2015@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31901127)

Effects of different intercropping systems on cotton yield, biomass accumulation, and allocation

LI Xin1(), WANG Jian2, LI Ya-Bing2,*(), HAN Ying-Chun2, WANG Zhan-Biao2, FENG Lu2, WANG Guo-Ping1,2, XIONG Shi-Wu2, LI Cun-Dong1,*(), LI Xiao-Fei2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agricultural, Hebei Agricultural University / Hebei Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science / State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2021-08-09 Accepted:2021-11-29 Published:2022-08-12 Published online:2021-12-21
  • Contact: LI Ya-Bing,LI Cun-Dong,LI Xiao-Fei
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901127)

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摘要：

发展棉花间套作体系是缓解我国黄河流域棉花与其他作物争地矛盾的主要策略, 但目前对棉花间套作体系下棉花的增产机理尚不明确。因此, 本研究通过田间试验设置了棉花与小麦、大蒜和花生间套作, 并对其根系分别采取塑料膜分隔、尼龙网分隔和不分隔处理, 从而研究在隔根处理下不同作物与棉花间作对棉花产量及生物量累积的影响。研究表明: (1) 隔根处理下的不同作物与棉花间作的土地当量比(LER)大于1, 说明试验中棉花间套作体系均体现出间作优势, 且在小麦/棉花套作和大蒜/棉花套作的体系中, 小麦和大蒜对于棉花的资源竞争力大于0, 小麦和大蒜在共生期内是优势种; 花生相对于棉花的资源竞争力小于0, 在花生/棉花间作体系中, 棉花是优势种。(2) 在棉花盛蕾期, 单作棉处理的棉花的叶、茎器官的干物质累积量多于其他3个处理, 而在花铃期后, 间套作体系中的干物质积累量多于单作棉处理, 间套作体系中的棉花生殖器官干物质积累量高于单作棉处理。(3) 盛蕾期和初花期, 单作棉的茎、叶器官的分配率高于小麦套作棉花、大蒜套作棉花和花生间作棉花处理, 在盛花期和盛絮期, 处理间的差异不显著; 不同种植模式下生殖器官干物质分配率的差异与茎、叶器官相反。相关研究结果可为间套作模式下的棉花间作优势的产生机理探究提供理论支持, 为间套作体系生产力的提高提供科学依据。

关键词: 间套作, 地下部分隔, 产量优势, 生物量分配

Abstract:

The development of cotton intercropping system is the main strategy to alleviate the conflict between cotton and other crops for land in the Yellow River Basin of China, but the mechanism of cotton yield increases in cotton intercropping system is still unclear. In this study, a two-year field experiment with cotton-based intercropping systems (wheat/cotton, garlic/cotton, and peanut/cotton) and three root partitions (no, mesh, and plastic partitions) to study the effects of different crops intercropped with cotton on yield, biomass accumulation and allocation. The study showed that: (1) The land equivalent ratios (LERs) of different crops intercropped with cotton were greater than 1, indicating that the cotton intercropping system in the experiment had intercropping advantage. The resource competitiveness of wheat and garlic relative to cotton was greater than 0, indicating that wheat and garlic were dominant species in the co-growth period of wheat/cotton intercropping and garlic/cotton intercropping systems, whereas the resource competitiveness of peanuts relative to cotton was less than 0, indicating that cotton was dominant species in peanut/cotton intercropping system. (2) Dry matter accumulation of the leaf and stem in sole cotton cropping system was more than that of intercropping systems at bud stage, while the dry matter accumulation in intercropping systems was more than that in sole cotton cropping after the flowering and boll stages. The reproductive organs dry matter accumulation in intercropping systems was also higher than that in sole cotton cropping system. (3) The distribution rate of the stem and leaf in sole cotton was significantly higher than that in cotton intercropped with wheat, garlic, and peanut at bud stage and initial flowering stage, but the difference was not significant at full-bloom and open boll stages. However, the opposite pattern was observed in dry matter distribution rate of reproductive organs. These results can provide theoretical support for the mechanisms of cotton intercropping advantage and scientific basis for the productivity improvement of intercropping systems.

Key words: intercropping, root partition, yield advantage, biomass allocation

图1

2019年和2020年的每日温度和降雨量 日最高温度值和最低温度值的变化分别用连续的红线和蓝线表示。竖条表示每天的降雨总量。"

图2

不同种植模式示意图 (a) 小麦/棉花套作; (b) 大蒜/棉花套作; (c) 花生/棉花间作; (d) 棉花单作。"

表1

棉花生育进程"

种植方式
Cropping system		 分隔方式
Root
partition		 生育阶段天数 Growth period (d)
出苗期
Emergence stage		 苗期
Seedling stage		 蕾期
Squaring stage		 花铃期
Flowering and boll formation stage		 全生育期
Full growth period
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
SC N 19 Aa 12 Aa 32 Ba 39 Ba 26 Ba 28 Aa 53 Aa 52 Aa 129 BCa 131 Ba
M 19 Aa 12 Aa 33 Ba 39 Ba 26 Ba 28 Aa 51 Aa 54 Aab 128 BCa 133 Ba
S 19 Aa 12 Aa 32 Ba 38 Ba 26 Ba 29 Aa 53 Aa 49 Ab 131 BCa 129 Ba
IC(W) N 19 Aa 12 Aa 34 Aa 43 Aa 26 Aa 28 Aa 54 Aa 54 Aa 133 Aa 136 Aa
M 19 Aa 12 Aa 36 Aa 42 Aa 27 Aa 29 Aa 52 Aa 51 Aab 133 Aa 133 Aa
S 19 Aa 12 Aa 35 Aa 42 Aa 27 Aa 29 Aa 52 Aa 52 Ab 133 Aa 135 Aa
IC(G) N 19 Aa 12 Aa 33 Ba 39 Ba 25 Ba 29 Aa 54 Aa 54 Aa 130 ABa 134 ABa
M 19 Aa 12 Aa 32 Ba 38 Ba 25 Ba 30 Aa 56 Aa 53 Aab 132 ABa 133 ABa
S 19 Aa 12 Aa 32 Ba 39 Ba 26 Ba 30 Aa 53 Aa 52 Ab 131 ABa 132 ABa
IC(P) N 19 Aa 12 Aa 33 Ba 38 Ba 25 Ba 29 Aa 52 Aa 55 Aa 129 Ca 135 ABa
M 19 Aa 12 Aa 33 Ba 38 Ba 24 Ba 30 Aa 52 Aa 54 Aab 128 Ca 134 ABa
S 19 Aa 12 Aa 33 Ba 38 Ba 25 Ba 30 Aa 51 Aa 51 Ab 128 Ca 130 ABa

表2

不同间套作体系产量及间作优势"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 配对作物
Paired crops (t hm-2)		 棉花
Cotton (t hm-2)		 土地当量比
LER		 偏土地当量比
Partial LER		 配对作物相对于棉花的资源竞争力
Aggressivity
种植方式
Cropping system		 分隔方式
Root
partition		 间作
Inter-
crop		 单作
Sole		 间作
Inter-
crop		 单作
Sole		 配对作物
Paired
crops		 棉花
Cotton
2019 W/C N 22.20 Aa 17.63 Ab 4.70 Aa 3.87 Ab 1.23 A 0.42 A 0.81 A 0.04 A
M 20.29 Aa 17.81 Ab 5.29 Aa 4.07 Ab 1.25 A 0.38 A 0.87 A -0.16 A
S 23.73 Aa 19.25 Ab 4.51 Aa 4.58 AB 1.07 A 0.41 A 0.66 A 0.24 A
平均值 Mean 22.07 a 18.23 b 4.83 a 4.17 b 1.18 A 0.40 A 0.78 A 0.04 A
G/C N 14.37 Aa 9.72 Aa 4.80 Aa 3.87 Ab 1.38 A 0.53 A 0.86 A 0.30 A
M 15.75 Aa 11.91 Aa 5.17 Aa 4.07 Ab 1.32 A 0.47 A 0.86 A 0.12 A
S 13.77 Aa 12.37 Aa 5.38 Aa 4.58 AB 1.17 A 0.38 A 0.79 A -0.03 A
平均值 Mean 14.63 a 11.33 b 5.11 a 4.17 b 1.29 A 0.46 A 0.83 A 0.13 A
P/C N 4.06 Aa 6.40 Aa 5.75 Aa 3.87 Ab 1.21 A 0.22 A 0.99 A -0.82 A
M 4.41 Aa 5.51 Aa 5.07 Aa 4.07 Ab 1.11 A 0.27 A 0.84 A -0.47 A
S 4.03 Aa 5.71 Aa 5.93 Aa 4.58 Aa 1.10 A 0.23 A 0.87 A -0.59 A
平均值 Mean 4.17 b 5.87 a 5.58 a 4.17 b 1.14 A 0.24 A 0.90 A -0.63 A
2020 W/C N 16.73 Aa 12.78 Ab 4.08 Aa 3.01 Ab 1.35 A 0.44 A 0.91 A -0.03 A
M 16.10 Aa 11.06 Ab 3.99 Aa 3.08 Ab 1.35 A 0.49 A 0.87 A 0.16 A
S 15.05 Aa 12.70 Ab 3.82 Aa 3.15 Ab 1.22 A 0.41 A 0.81 A 0.05 A
平均值 Mean 15.96 a 12.18 b 3.97 a 3.08 b 1.31 A 0.45 A 0.86 A 0.04 A
G/C N 28.12 Aa 22.83 Ab 3.71 Aa 3.01 Ab 1.24 A 0.41 A 0.83 A -0.01A
M 28.71 Aa 22.23 Ab 3.85 Aa 3.08 Ab 1.28 A 0.44 A 0.84 A 0.05 A
S 30.04 Aa 24.69 Ab 3.87 Aa 3.15 Ab 1.24 A 0.42 A 0.82 A 0.02 A
平均值 Mean 28.96 a 23.25 b 3.81 a 3.08 b 1.25 A 0.42 A 0.83 A 0.02 A
P/C N 1.67 Bb 2.20 Ba 3.72 Aa 3.01 Ab 1.09 A 0.27 A 0.83 A -0.44 A
M 1.93 ABb 2.88 ABa 4.23 Aa 3.08 Ab 1.14 A 0.22 A 0.92 A -0.71 A
S 1.96 Ab 3.10 Aa 3.84 Aa 3.15 Ab 1.03 A 0.21 A 0.82 A -0.58 A
平均值 Mean 1.85 b 2.73 a 3.93 a 3.08 b 1.09 A 0.23 A 0.85 A -0.58 A

表3

不同因素对棉花和配对作物产量影响的方差分析表"

变异来源
Source of variance		 小麦/棉花Wheat/cotton 大蒜/棉花Garlic/cotton 花生/棉花Peanut/cotton
小麦 Wheat 棉花 Cotton 大蒜 Garlic 棉花 Cotton 花生 Peanut 棉花 Cotton
F P F P F P F P F P F P
年份
Year		 76.71 < 0.01 37.97 < 0.01 273.64 < 0.01 65.74 < 0.01 119.43 < 0.01 81.77 < 0.01
种植方式
Cropping systems		 30.16 < 0.01 23.78 < 0.01 32.28 < 0.01 32.16 < 0.01 26.81 < 0.01 55.68 < 0.01
分隔方式
Root partitions		 1.40 0.27 0.48 0.63 1.14 0.34 2.41 0.11 0.09 0.92 1.49 0.25
年份 × 种植方式
Year × Cropping systems		 < 0.01 0.97 0.50 0.49 2.31 0.14 0.51 0.48 2.74 0.11 3.42 0.08
年份 × 分隔方式
Year × Root partitions		 1.24 0.31 0.59 0.56 0.97 0.39 0.94 0.41 1.33 0.29 2.65 0.09
种植方式 × 分隔方式
Cropping systems × Root partitions		 0.13 0.88 2.26 0.13 0.51 0.61 0.13 0.88 0.28 0.76 0.30 0.75
年份 × 种植方式 × 分隔方式
Year × Cropping systems × Root partitions		 0.99 0.39 0.92 0.41 0.37 0.70 0.06 0.95 1.01 0.38 1.62 0.22

表4

不同处理下棉花产量构成差异"

变量
Variate		 种植方式
Cropping system		 2019 2020
N M S 平均值Mean N M S 平均值Mean
铃重
Boll weight
(g)		 SC 5.24 Aa 5.42 Aa 5.64 Aa 5.43 A 5.46 Ba 5.31 Ba 5.25 Ba 5.34 B
IC(W) 5.70 Aa 5.74 Aa 5.76 Aa 5.73 A 5.59 Aa 5.61 Aa 5.77 Aa 5.65 A
IC(G) 5.59 Aa 5.61 Aa 5.69 Aa 5.63 A 5.38 Ba 5.52 Ba 5.39 Ba 5.43 B
IC(P) 5.62 Aa 5.76 Aa 5.76 Aa 5.71 A 5.72 Aa 5.73 Aa 5.61 Aa 5.68 A
平均值 Mean 5.54 a 5.63 a 5.71 a 5.54 a 5.54 a 5.51 a
衣分
Lint percentage
(%)		 SC 38.19 Aa 38.04 Aa 37.65 Aa 37.96 A 39.80 Aa 39.69 Aa 40.11 Aa 39.87 A
IC(W) 38.08 Aa 38.29 Aa 37.58 Aa 37.98 A 39.80 Aa 39.92 Aa 39.63 Aa 39.78 A
IC(G) 37.54 Aa 37.96 Aa 38.16 Aa 37.88 A 38.86 Aa 39.88 Aa 39.96 Aa 39.57 A
IC(P) 38.11 Aa 38.33 Aa 38.01 Aa 38.15 A 39.41 Aa 39.79 Aa 39.68 Aa 39.63 A
平均值 Mean 37.98 a 38.155 a 37.85 a 39.47 a 39.82 a 39.85 a
铃数
No. of bolls
(×104 bolls hm-2)		 SC 73.54 Ca 74.73 Ca 79.89 Ca 76.06 C 55.07 Ba 57.93 Ba 60.13 Ba 57.71 B
IC(W) 82.33 BCa 92.49 BCa 78.72 BCa 84.51 BC 73.11 Aa 71.39 Aa 66.29 Aa 70.26 A
IC(G) 86.45 ABa 92.15 ABa 96.05 ABa 91.55 AB 68.85 Aa 69.86 Aa 71.81 Aa 70.17 A
IC(P) 101.94 Aa 87.54 Aa 103.15 Aa 97.54 A 65.17 Aa 73.90 Aa 68.32 Aa 69.13 A
平均值 Mean 86.07 a 86.73 a 89.45 a 65.55 a 68.27 a 66.64 a
变异来源
Source of variance		 铃重
Boll weight		 衣分
Lint
percentage		 铃数
No. of bolls		 铃重
Boll weight		 衣分
Lint
percentage		 铃数
No. of bolls
种植方式Cropping system (C) ns ns * * ns *
分隔方式Root partition (R) ns ns ns ns ns ns
种植方式×分隔方式 C × R ns ns ns ns ns ns

表5

不同处理对棉花地上部生物量累积特征值的影响"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Cropping system		 分隔方式
Root partition		 R2 Wm
(×103 kg hm-2)		 T1
(DAP)		 T2
(DAP)		 ∆T
(d)		 Tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)
2019 SC N 0.9300 16.22 63 112 49 87 217.98
M 0.9625 16.33 56 100 44 78 246.36
S 0.9975 17.06 63 107 44 85 255.33
IC(W) N 0.9939 14.92 55 94 38 75 256.82
M 0.9961 14.24 54 83 30 68 315.97
S 0.9958 16.69 55 91 36 73 307.66
IC(G) N 0.9975 14.21 61 101 40 81 235.14
M 0.9840 21.38 66 123 57 94 247.58
S 0.9826 19.01 68 112 43 90 288.07
IC(P) N 0.9586 16.23 65 98 33 82 322.57
M 0.9081 17.59 67 99 32 83 362.38
S 0.9831 16.83 61 110 50 85 223.06
年份
Year		 种植方式
Cropping system		 分隔方式
Root partition		 R2 Wm
(×103 kg hm-2)		 T1
(DAP)		 T2
(DAP)		 ∆T
(d)		 Tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)
2020 SC N 0.9988 11.02 66 104 38 85 189.38
M 0.9978 13.95 72 108 36 90 258.18
S 0.9976 12.36 68 101 33 85 249.06
IC(W) N 1.0000 12.85 75 110 35 92 239.92
M 0.9828 15.92 74 126 52 100 201.13
S 0.9913 17.65 79 134 55 107 210.92
IC(G) N 0.9901 13.40 68 110 42 89 208.14
M 0.9937 15.50 72 123 51 97 198.79
S 0.9999 15.32 74 111 37 93 274.08
IC(P) N 0.9939 12.55 70 102 32 86 258.46
M 0.9943 14.13 67 104 37 86 249.90
S 0.9960 16.19 71 116 45 94 235.09

图3

不同处理的棉花地上部生物量累积 (a): 盛蕾期(2019年出苗后57 d, 2020年出苗后58 d); (b): 初花期(2019年出苗后86 d, 2020年出苗后88 d); (c): 盛花期(2019年出苗后117 d, 2020年出苗后115 d); (d): 盛絮期(2019年出苗后143 d, 2020年出苗后134 d)。缩写同表1。"

图4

不同生育阶段干物质的分配 (a): 盛蕾期(2019年出苗后57 d, 2020年出苗后58 d); (b): 初花期(2019年出苗后86 d, 2020年出苗后88 d); (c): 盛花期(2019年出苗后117 d, 2020年出苗后115 d); (d): 盛絮期(2019年出苗后143 d, 2020年出苗后134 d)。缩写同表1。"

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