不同类型水稻品种茎叶维管束与同化物运转特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12038

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2053-2065.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12038

不同类型水稻品种茎叶维管束与同化物运转特征

周驰燕(), 李国辉^*(), 许轲, 张晨晖, 杨子君, 张芬芳, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程

农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-06-03 接受日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-12-30
通讯作者: 李国辉
作者简介:E-mail: 996979082@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901425);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX20_3002)

Characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilates translocation in leaves and stems of different types of rice varieties

ZHOU Chi-Yan(), LI Guo-Hui^*(), XU Ke, ZHANG Chen-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHANG Fen-Fang, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, ZHANG Hong-Cheng

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-06-03 Accepted:2021-11-29 Published:2022-08-12 Published online:2021-12-30
Contact: LI Guo-Hui
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901425);Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_3002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用籼型杂交稻、籼粳杂交稻、籼型常规稻和粳型常规稻4种不同类型水稻品种, 比较其穗颈和剑叶维管束特征、茎叶同化物运转特征, 分析穗颈和剑叶维管束特征与茎叶同化物转运和产量形成的关系, 探讨施氮水平对水稻穗颈和剑叶维管束特征和茎叶同化物转运的影响。结果表明, 不同类型水稻品种间穗颈和剑叶维管束数量和解剖结构特征、茎叶非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates, NSC)转运存在基因型差异。4种不同类型水稻品种中, 籼型杂交稻和籼粳杂交稻穗颈和剑叶维管束数量、平均横截面积和韧皮部面积较高, 其茎叶NSC转运和产量也较高, 其次是籼型常规稻, 粳型常规稻的穗颈和剑叶维管束数量、平均横截面积和韧皮部面积最低, 其茎叶NSC转运和产量也最低。水稻穗颈和剑叶维管束特征和茎叶NSC转运受氮水平的影响, 低氮能够促进茎叶NSC转运, 增施氮肥增加了穗颈和剑叶维管束数量、平均横截面积和韧皮部面积, 但穗颈横截面维管束密度降低。相关性分析表明, 水稻穗颈大、小维管束数量与茎叶NSC转运显著或极显著正相关, 穗颈和剑叶大、小维管束数量、横截面积和韧皮部面积与产量显著或极显著正相关。因此, 选择茎叶维管束系统发育较好的水稻品种, 同时合理施用氮肥改善维管束特征, 有利于茎叶同化物转运, 提高产量。

关键词: 水稻, 穗颈维管束, 剑叶维管束, 茎叶同化物转运, 氮水平

Abstract:

To compare the characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and to explore the relationship between the characteristics of vascular bundle and the assimilate translocation of stems and leaves and yield formation, four different types of rice varieties were selected and studied, including indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice, indica conventional rice, and japonica conventional rice. The results showed that there were differences in genotypic phenotypes among the number and anatomical characteristics of vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation in stems and leaves among different rice varieties. Among the four different types of rice varieties, the number of vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf of indica hybrid rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, and the stem and leaf NSC translocation and yield were also higher than those of the other two types of rice varieties, followed by indica conventional rice. The vascular bundle number, average cross-sectional area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf in japonica conventional rice was the lowest, and the NSC translocation and yield of stem leaf was also the lowest. The characteristics of the vascular bundle and the translocation of stems and leaves NSC were affected by nitrogen application levels. Low nitrogen could promote the NSC translocation of stems and leaves, high nitrogen application could increase the number of vascular bundles, the average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf, but the density of the cross-section vascular bundle of peduncle was decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the number of large and small vascular bundles of peduncle and flag leaf was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with NSC translocation of stems and leaves, the number of large and small vascular bundles, average cross-section area and phloem area of peduncle and flag leaf were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield. In conclusion, selecting rice varieties with well vascular bundle phylogeny and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the characteristics of vascular bundle, facilitate the translocation of assimilate in stems and leaves, and promote grain yield.

Key words: rice, vascular bundle of peduncle, vascular bundle of flag leaf, assimilate translocation of stems and leaves, nitrogen

周驰燕, 李国辉, 许轲, 张晨晖, 杨子君, 张芬芳, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 不同类型水稻品种茎叶维管束与同化物运转特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(8): 2053-2065.

ZHOU Chi-Yan, LI Guo-Hui, XU Ke, ZHANG Chen-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHANG Fen-Fang, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilates translocation in leaves and stems of different types of rice varieties[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(8): 2053-2065.

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品种类型 Variety type	茎鞘NSC表观转运量ATM (mg g^-1)		茎鞘NSC表观转运率AR (%)		茎鞘NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC (%)
品种类型 Variety type	低氮 LN	高氮 HN	低氮 LN	高氮 HN	低氮 LN	高氮 HN
籼型杂交稻IH	241.0 ab	216.2 b	90.1 a^*	74.8 a	17.7 ab	15.7 a
籼粳杂交稻IJH	266.0 a	243.7 a	83.0 b	79.3 a	20.0 a	17.4 a
籼型常规稻IC	211.1 b^*	150.2 c	84.8 ab^*	58.3 b	15.8 ab^*	11.5 b
粳型常规稻JC	175.6 c	122.6 d	67.6 c^*	53.1 b	15.0 b	7.5 c

品种类型 Variety type	叶片NSC表观转运量ATM (mg g^-1)		叶片NSC表观转运率AR (%)		叶片NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC (%)
品种类型 Variety type	低氮 LN	高氮 HN	低氮 LN	高氮 HN	低氮 LN	高氮 HN
籼型杂交稻IH	7.15 a	5.38 a	17.24 a^*	11.77 a	0.02 b	0.06 a^*
籼粳杂交稻IJH	16.15 a	10.39 a	31.06 a^*	20.10 a	0.16 a	0.15 a
籼型常规稻IC	-3.93 b	-10.56 b	-10.74 b	-25.95 b	-0.04 b	-0.20 b
粳型常规稻JC	-4.91 b	-11.79 b	-11.55 b	-27.70 b	-0.07 b	-0.16 b

性状 Characteristic	大(小)维管束数量 Number of large (small) vascular bundles	大(小)维管束密度 Large (small) vascular density	大(小)维管束平均横截面积 Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles	大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积 Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles
茎鞘NSC表观转运量ATM	0.62^(0.79^)	-0.52^** (-0.49^*)	0.26 (0.35)	0.24 (0.20)
茎鞘NSC表观转运率AR	0.42^* (0.47^*)	-0.47^(-0.45^)	0.20 (0.22)	0.23 (0.16)
茎鞘NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC	0.49^(0.51^)	-0.48^(-0.46^)	0.22 (0.33)	0.18 (0.18)

性状 Characteristic	大(小)维管束数量 Number of large (small) vascular bundles	大(小)维管束密度 Large (small) vascular density	大(小)维管束平均横截面积 Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles	大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积 Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles
叶片NSC表观转运量ATM	0.65^ (0.62^)	-0.52^ (-0.56^)	0.22 (0.37)	0.21 (0.16)
叶片NSC表观转运率AR	0.59^ (0.59^)	-0.55^ (-0.60^)	0.25 (0.38)	0.25 (0.18)
叶片NSC对产量的表观贡献率AC	0.69^ (0.71^)	-0.46^* (-0.54^**)	0.16 (0.32)	0.17 (0.11)

性状 Characteristic	处理 Treatment	籼型杂交稻 IH	籼粳杂交稻 IJH	籼型常规稻 IC	粳型常规稻 JC
有效穗数 The effective panicles (No. plant^-1)	低氮LN	3.5 b	3.0 c	3.5 b	4.2 a
有效穗数 The effective panicles (No. plant^-1)	高氮HN	10.0 bc^*	8.7 c^*	10.7 b^*	12.3 a^*
每穗颖花数 Number of spikelets per panicle (No. panicle^-1)	低氮LN	140.1 b	208.1 a	136.7 b	95.1 c
每穗颖花数 Number of spikelets per panicle (No. panicle^-1)	高氮HN	194.3 b^*	249.5 a^*	172.1 b	106.5 c
结实率 Grain filling percentage (%)	低氮LN	85.6 b	92.8 a	89.6 ab	87.4 ab
结实率 Grain filling percentage (%)	高氮HN	91.0 b^*	92.5 ab	91.8 b	95.2 a
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	低氮LN	24.6 a	23.2 b^*	23.3 b	25.3 a
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	高氮HN	25.9 a^*	22.4 d	23.6 c	24.6 b
产量 Yield (g pant^-1)	低氮LN	10.1 b	13.5 a	9.8 b	8.6 c
产量 Yield (g pant^-1)	高氮HN	44.6 a^*	44.9 a^*	39.1 b^*	30.0 c^*
生物量 Biomass (g pant^-1)	低氮LN	18.7 b	25.6 a	18.7 b	17.4 b
生物量 Biomass (g pant^-1)	高氮HN	84.5 ab^*	85.3 a^*	78.5 b^*	54.0 c^*
收获指数 Harvest index (%)	低氮LN	54.2 a	52.6 a	52.0 a	49.2 b
收获指数 Harvest index (%)	高氮HN	52.9 ab^*	52.3 ab	49.6 b	55.7 a

不同类型水稻品种茎叶维管束与同化物运转特征

Characteristics of vascular bundle of peduncle and flag leaf and assimilates translocation in leaves and stems of different types of rice varieties

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性状 Characteristic	结实率 Grain filling percentage	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
大(小)维管束数量 Number of large (small) vascular bundles	0.38 (0.33)	-0.72^ (-0.55^)	0.18 (0.43^*)
大(小)维管束平均横截面积 Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles	-0.06 (0.01)	0.26 (0.18)	0.50^* (0.54^**)
大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积 Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles	-0.16 (-0.03)	0.26 (0.24)	0.43^* (0.52^**)

性状 Characteristic	结实率 Grain filling percentage	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Yield
大(小)维管束数量 Number of large (small) vascular bundles	0.55^** (0.40)	-0.27 (-0.38)	0.90^ (0.87^)
大(小)维管束平均横截面积 Average cross-sectional area of large (small) vascular bundles	0.46^* (0.45^*)	-0.32 (-0.36)	0.67^ (0.54^)
大(小)维管束平均韧皮部面积 Average phloem area of large (small) vascular bundles	0.33 (0.22)	-0.02 (-0.09)	0.83^ (0.70^)

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