作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3393-3405.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.65017
张明涛1,李资文1,高明萱1,刘明泽1,孙雨晗1,孟添依1,张鹤1,王婧1,蒋春姬1,刘喜波1,王晓光1,张良晓3,李培武3,于海秋2,赵新华1,*
Zhang Ming-Tao1,Li Zi-Wen1,Gao Ming-Xuan1,Liu Ming-Ze1,Sun Yu-Han1,Meng Tian-Yi1,Zhang He1,Wang Jing1,Jiang Chun-Ji1,Liu Xi-Bo1,Wang Xiao-Guang1,Zhang Liang-Xiao3,Li Pei-Wu3,Yu Hai-Qiu2,Zhao Xin-Hua1,*
摘要: 花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是世界上重要的油料和经济作物。ARC (Aflatoxin Rhizobium Couple)微生物菌剂具有阻控黄曲霉毒素污染与增效豆科作物根瘤固氮的效果。但是,ARC微生物菌剂促进花生减肥、增产的生理机理尚不明确。本试验以花育39为材料,于2023—2024年在沈阳农业大学开展田间定位试验,设置全量施肥(600 kg hm?2,N-P2O5-K2O = 14-16-15,CK)、全量施肥配施ARC菌剂(600 kg hm?2+30 kg hm?2,T0)、减肥10%配施ARC菌剂(540 kg hm?2+30 kg hm?2,T1)、减肥25%配施ARC菌剂(450 kg hm?2+30 kg hm?2,T2)、减肥40%配施ARC菌剂(360 kg hm?2+30 kg hm?2,T3)、减肥55%配施ARC菌剂(270 kg hm?2+30 kg hm?2,T4)、不施肥不施菌剂(T5) 7个处理,系统调查了化肥不同施用量与ARC微生物菌剂配施对花生单株生物量积累、光合色素含量、养分吸收利用、肥料利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明,适量减施化肥配施ARC微生物菌剂可显著调控花生生长生理特性,优化植株物质生产与养分利用效率。开花下针期,T1处理下叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量较CK分别显著提高6.49%、8.85%,T1、T2处理下类胡萝卜素含量较CK分别显著提高54.11%、29.74%。结荚期和饱果成熟期,T1处理下叶片谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性较CK分别增加12.24%~38.30%、29.78%~94.37%、10.75%~59.37%和34.53%~74.90%。结荚期,T1处理下植株氮、磷、钾积累量较CK分别显著增加4.75%、68.09%、46.87% (P < 0.05),T2处理下植株磷、钾积累量较CK分别显著增加21.83%、25.05% (P < 0.05),而T1、T2处理下花生单株生物量较CK分别显著增加47.41%、17.22% (P < 0.05)。适量减施化肥配施ARC微生物菌剂优化植株各器官养分分配格局,促进营养物质向荚果转运与积累。2023和2024年,T0处理农学效率比CK显著提高10.79%~29.52%。产量构成分析表明,与CK相比,T0、T1、T2处理的花生单株荚果数与百果重均显著增加,2024年产量较CK分别显著提升4.88%、12.66%和6.65%。综上所述,适量减肥(450 kg hm?2~540 kg hm?2)配施30 kg hm?2 ARC微生物菌剂(T1、T2)可通过改善花生固氮酶活性、促进植株物质积累与氮素代谢利用,协同实现花生产量提升,兼具稳产性与经济高效性。本研究结果可为花生化肥减施、可持续化生产提供理论依据与技术支撑。
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