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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3376-3392.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64026

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

海岛棉不同果枝类型品种单铃重形成的铃叶系统光合性能解析

李雪姣1，燕鹏1，赵佳兵1，周井坤1，魏璋1，梁福斌1，王宇轩1，田景山1，姜闯道2,* ，张旺锋1,*   

  1. 1 石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003; 2 中国科学院植物研究所 / 植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室 / 国家植物园, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-08-21 接受日期:2026-08-21 出版日期:2026-11-12 网络出版日期:2026-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 张旺锋, E-mail: zhwf_agr@shzu.edu.cn; 姜闯道, E-mail: jcdao@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2023AB080)资助。

Analysis of photosynthetic performance of the boll-leaf system during single boll weight formation in sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) with different fruiting branch types

Li Xue-Jiao1,Yan Peng1,Zhao Jia-Bing1,Zhou Jing-Kun1,Wei Zhang1,Liang Fu-Bin1,Wang Yu-Xuan1,Tian Jing-Shan1,Jiang Chuang-Dao2,*,Zhang Wang-Feng1,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; 2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops / China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
  • Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-08-21 Accepted:2026-08-21 Published:2026-11-12 Published online:2026-09-02
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Science and Technology Research Program in Key Fields of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2023AB080).

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摘要：

海岛棉纤维细长、强力高，是纺制高档和特种棉纺织品的重要原料。新疆是我国唯一的海岛棉产区。然而，与陆地棉相比，海岛棉存在产量偏低的问题，近年来植棉比较效益下降，种植面积持续缩减，严重影响了我国优质棉的有效供给。因此，解析海岛棉产量形成机制、明确单产提升技术途径具有重要意义。当前栽培条件下，海岛棉单株结铃数高于陆地棉，但单铃重远低于陆地棉，故提高单铃重是增产的关键。然而，单铃重形成的生理机制及调控途径尚不明确。本研究基于单果枝层次的铃叶系统(含主茎叶、果枝叶、棉铃及其他非叶器官)，比较了海岛棉(零式果枝和二式果枝品种)与主栽陆地棉(二式果枝品种)在铃叶系统光合性能、干物质积累与分配上的差异。2年试验结果表明，与陆地棉相比，零式果枝和二式果枝海岛棉的单铃重分别低43.0%和49.5%；铃叶系统净光合速率分别低22.2%和29.1%，叶面积分别低24.0%和13.5%，表明海岛棉铃叶系统光合能力不足；干物质积累动态显示，零式果枝和二式果枝海岛棉的棉铃最大干物质积累速率分别为陆地棉的65.5%和51.5%，快速积累持续期均缩短2~3 d；在干物质分配上，二者铃壳占比分别较陆地棉高出10.9%和5.4%，表明同化物向种子和纤维的分配比例偏低。此外，零式果枝海岛棉花后主茎叶持续生长，与棉铃竞争同化物，进一步制约了棉铃内部物质积累。综上，铃叶系统光合速率低是海岛棉单铃重偏小的共性限制因素；而提升策略应因品种竞争位点而异：零式果枝海岛棉需缓解花后主茎叶与棉铃的养分竞争，二式果枝海岛棉则应着重改善果枝叶光合能力。研究结果为以提升单铃重为目标的海岛棉高产育种与栽培调控提供了理论依据。

关键词: 海岛棉, 铃叶系统, 光合作用, 单铃重, 干物质分配

Abstract:

Sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) has slender fibers with high strength, serving as a crucial raw material for high-grade and specialty cotton textiles. Xinjiang is the only production area of sea-island cotton in China. However, compared with upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sea-island cotton has a relatively low yield, resulting in declining economic competitiveness and a continuous reduction in its planting area in recent years, severely affecting the effective supply of high-quality cotton in China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to elucidate the yield formation mechanism and clarify the technical approaches for yield improvement. Under current cultivation conditions, sea-island cotton sets more bolls per plant than upland cotton, but its single boll weight is far lower. Hence, increasing single boll weight is the key to improving yield. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms underlying single boll weight formation and the approaches to its regulation remain unclear. From the perspective of the boll-leaf system at the single fruiting branch level (including main-stem leaves, sympodial leaves, cotton bolls and other non-leaf organs), this study compared the photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of the boll-leaf system among sea-island cotton (nulliplex and normal branch cultivars) and the widely planted upland cotton cultivar (normal branch type). The two-year experimental results showed that, compared with upland cotton, the single boll weights of nulliplex and normal branch sea-island cotton were 43.0% and 49.5% lower, respectively; the net photosynthetic rates of the boll-leaf system were 22.2% and 29.1% lower, and leaf areas were 24.0% and 13.5% lower, respectively, indicating insufficient photosynthetic capacity of the boll-leaf system in sea-island cotton. Analysis of dry matter accumulation dynamics revealed that the maximum dry matter accumulation rates of cotton bolls in nulliplex and normal branch sea-island cotton reached 65.5% and 51.5% of those in upland cotton, respectively, and the rapid accumulation periods were shortened by 2–3 days in both types. Regarding dry matter distribution, the boll shell proportion in the two sea-island cotton types was 10.9% and 5.4% higher than that in upland cotton, respectively, indicating a lower proportion of photoassimilates partitioned to seeds and fibers. In addition, the main-stem leaves of nulliplex branch sea-island cotton continued to grow after anthesis, competing for photoassimilates with cotton bolls, which further restricted dry matter accumulation within the bolls. Collectively, the low photosynthetic rate of the boll-leaf system is a common limiting factor for the low single boll weight in sea-island cotton; however, improvement strategies should differ depending on the principal limiting factor in each branch type: for nulliplex branch sea-island cotton, alleviating nutrient competition between main-stem leaves and bolls after anthesis is critical, whereas for normal branch sea-island cotton, the priority should be to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of sympodial leaves. These findings provide a theoretical basis for high-yield breeding and agronomic regulation targeting single boll weight improvement in sea-island cotton.

Key words: sea-island cotton, boll-leaf system, photosynthesis, single boll weight, dry matter distribution

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