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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 631-643.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.41094

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东北部沿海平原区小麦-玉米周年两吨粮超高产技术创建

林子晴1(), 钟醒宇1(), 刘樊1, 任子澳1, 马瑞1, 邓秀峰2, 王东伟2, 刘少鹏2, 陈康3, 张明才1, 李召虎1, 周于毅1,*(), 段留生1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
    2莱州金海种业有限公司, 山东莱州 261400
    3烟台市农业技术推广中心, 山东烟台 264001
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 接受日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-02-12 网络出版日期:2025-11-24
  • 通讯作者: *周于毅 E-mail:zhouyuyi@cau.edu.cn;段留生 E-mail:duanlsh@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:林子晴, E-mail: BS20233010048@cau.edu.cn;钟醒宇, E-mail: xz2971@nyu.edu

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    农业科技重大项目(2024YFD2300304)

Development of ultra-high-yield technology for a wheat-maize double cropping system achieving a 2-ton annual grain yield per mu in the coastal plain of Northern Shandong peninsula, China

Lin Zi-Qing1(), Zhong Xing-Yu1(), Liu Fan1, Ren Zi-Ao1, Ma Rui1, Deng Xiu-Feng2, Wang Dong-Wei2, Liu Shao-Peng2, Chen Kang3, Zhang Ming-Cai1, Li Zhao-Hu1, Zhou Yu-Yi1,*(), Duan Liu-Sheng1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Laizhou Jinhai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Laizhou 261400, Shandong, China
    3Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Accepted:2025-11-18 Published:2026-02-12 Published online:2025-11-24
  • Contact: *Zhou Yu-Yi E-mail:zhouyuyi@cau.edu.cn;Duan Liu-Sheng E-mail:duanlsh@cau.edu.cn
  • About author:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Agricultural Science and Technology Major Project(2024YFD2300304)

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摘要：

山东北部沿海平原区小麦-玉米周年两吨粮超高产技术创建是中国农业大学作物化控团队和莱州市金海种业在山东省莱州市开展的一项重要农业生产示范项目。通过精选良种、合理密植及水肥一体化等措施, 以期实现小麦和玉米的高产高效种植。在2023年该地块小麦和玉米两季的种植中, 现场实测每公顷的总产量达到了31,323.90 kg (折合2088.26 kg mu-1)。其中冬小麦由农业农村部组织专家测产打破了黄淮海地区小麦的单产纪录, 实际产量高达13,213.35 kg hm-2 (折合880.89 kg mu-1)。种植品种烟农1212每平方米穗数为692.0, 穗粒数为40.1, 千粒重为52.55 g, 单株产量为4.74 g, 收获指数为0.56, 水分利用效率为3.24 kg m-3。夏玉米中金玉2513的每平方米穗数为9.1, 穗粒数为584.7, 千粒重为379.31 g, 单株产量为206.25 g, 收获指数为0.58, 水分利用效率为2.86 kg m-3, 实际产量为18,110.55 kg hm-2 (折合1207.37 kg mu-1)。在2024年的重复试验中, 小麦-玉米的实际产量继续达到30,997.00 kg hm-2 (折合2065.13 kg mu-1)。本文旨在总结高产纪录小麦-玉米复种高产田生产过程的主要管理环节和高产群体的主要指标, 为山东北部沿海平原区小麦-玉米复种高产提供参考。

关键词: 小麦-玉米周年复种, 超高产技术创建, 山东北部沿海平原区, 良种选择, 水肥一体化

Abstract:

The development of ultra-high-yield technology for a wheat-maize double cropping system targeting an annual grain yield of 2 tons per mu in the coastal plain of northern Shandong Peninsula represents a significant agricultural initiative led by the Crop Chemical Control Center of China Agricultural University and Laizhou Jinhai Seed Industry in Laizhou, Shandong province. Through the careful selection of superior varieties, optimized planting densities, and integrated water and fertilizer management, high grain yields and efficient cultivation of both wheat and maize have been achieved. In the 2023 growing season, the combined yield of wheat and maize reached 31,323.90 kg hm-2 (2,088.26 kg mu-1). Notably, the winter wheat crop—evaluated by experts organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs—set a new regional yield record for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, with an actual yield of 13,213.35 kg hm-2 (880.89 kg mu-1). The variety Yannong 1212 exhibited a spike density of 692.0 spikes m-2, an average of 40.1 grains per spike, a thousand-grain weight of 52.55 g, single-plant yield of 4.74 g, harvest index of 0.56, and water use efficiency (WUE) of 3.24 kg m-3. For summer maize, the variety Zhongjinyu 2513 achieved a spike density of 9.1 spikes m-2, an average of 584.7 grains per spike, a thousand-grain weight of 379.31 g, single-plant yield of 206.25 g, harvest index of 0.58, and WUE of 2.86 kg m-3, with an actual yield of 18,110.55 kg hm-2 (1,207.37 kg mu-1). In a 2024 repeated trial, the total yield remained high at 30,997.00 kg hm-2 (2065.13 kg mu-1). This study summarizes the key management practices and main agronomic indicators contributing to high-yield wheat-maize double cropping in northern Shandong, offering a valuable reference for similar production systems in the region.

Key words: wheat-maize annual double cropping, development of ultra-high-yield technology, Northern Shandong peninsula, selective superior varieties, water and fertilizer integration

图1

中国农业大学莱州试验站位置 该图基于国家地理信息公共服务平台下载的审图号为GS (2024) 0650号标准地图制作, 底图边界无修改。"

图2

2022-2024年小麦-玉米生长季内的平均温度和降水量"

表1

2022-2024年小麦和玉米生长季内不同生育阶段的降水量"

作物
Crop		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 越冬期/拔节期
Overwintering/jointing stage		 拔节期/抽雄期
Jointing/tasseling stage		 开花期/灌浆期
Flowering/grain filling stage		 完熟期
Maturation stage
小麦Wheat 烟农1212
Yannong 1212		 2022-2023 153.15 39.55 32.67 49.45
2023-2024 157.61 42.43 80.41 62.68
玉米Maize 中金玉2513
Zhongjinyu 2513		 2023 161.58 92.22 25.20 2.82
2024 765.30 145.03 26.34 37.54

图3

高产田冬小麦生育进程及田间管理措施 黑色箭头代表机械播种和收获, 蓝色箭头代表病虫害防治措施, 绿色箭头代表水肥管理措施, 红色箭头代表化控措施。"

图4

高产田夏玉米生育进程及田间管理措施 黑色箭头代表机械播种和收获, 蓝色箭头代表病虫害防治措施, 绿色箭头代表水肥管理措施, 红色箭头代表化控措施。"

表2

烟农1212与济麦22的田间生长发育指标"

年份
Year		 时期
Stage		 品种
Variety		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 生物量
Biomass (kg m-2)
2022-2023 越冬期Overwintering stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 10.59±0.83 a 0.77±0.28 a 0.04±0.01 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 8.79±0.64 b 0.69±0.31 a 0.03±0.01 b
拔节期Jointing stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 29.36±0.81 a 3.29±0.29 a 0.26±0.05 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 26.45±0.98 b 3.01±0.23 b 0.22±0.03 a
开花期Flowering stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 71.11±2.86 a 7.64±0.69 a 1.04±0.82 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 67.65±2.33 b 6.85±0.41 b 0.95±0.53 a
完熟期Maturation stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 83.86±2.18 a 3.50±0.15 a 2.06±0.31 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 72.40±2.08 b 3.22±0.57 a 1.87±0.27 a
2023-2024 越冬期Overwintering stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 11.21±0.91 a 0.71±0.32 a 0.04±0.02 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 8.94±0.59 b 0.68±0.29 a 0.03±0.01 a
拔节期Jointing stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 30.29±1.84 a 2.96±0.21 a 0.36±0.07 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 27.23±0.75 b 2.83±0.26 a 0.29±0.06 b
开花期Flowering stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 74.45±3.85 a 7.62±1.69 a 1.47±0.31 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 69.16±3.12 b 7.21±0.33 a 1.13±0.23 b
完熟期Maturation stage 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 78.67±4.33 a 3.61±0.74 a 2.17±0.97 a
济麦22 Jimai 22 74.13±3.41 b 3.34±0.51 a 1.93±0.51 a

表3

中金玉2513与郑单958的田间生长发育指标"

年份
Year		 时期
Stage		 品种
Variety		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 生物量
Biomass (kg m-2)
2023 拔节期Jointing stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 80.30 ± 2.61 a 5.05 ± 0.37 a 0.61 ± 0.07 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 60.24 ± 11.28 b 3.63 ± 0.14 b 0.36 ± 0.02 b
抽雄期Tasseling stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 259.89 ± 3.42 a 6.78 ± 0.29 a 1.07 ± 0.11 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 255.04 ± 15.76 a 4.91 ± 0.21 b 0.84 ± 0.06 b
灌浆期Grain filling stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 268.89 ± 8.10 a 6.34 ± 0.23 a 1.61 ± 0.15 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 263.45 ± 9.54 a 4.12 ± 0.36 b 1.39 ± 0.35 a
完熟期Maturation stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 268.33 ± 6.52 a 4.08 ± 0.39 a 2.91 ± 0.29 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 264.14 ± 13.74 a 3.17 ± 0.37 b 2.19 ± 0.08 b
2024 拔节期Jointing stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 96.10 ± 0.80 a 4.73 ± 0.96 a 0.51 ± 0.09 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 65.18 ± 14.87 b 4.12 ± 0.51 a 0.40 ± 0.06 b
抽雄期Tasseling stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 272.20 ± 0.09 a 6.77 ± 0.31 a 0.84 ± 0.11 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 263.82 ± 11.46 b 5.26 ± 0.16 b 0.91 ± 0.05 b
灌浆期Grain filling stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 283.10 ± 10.62 a 6.65 ± 0.44 a 2.31 ± 0.19 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 271.12 ± 10.72 b 4.54 ± 0.44 b 1.63 ± 0.16 a
完熟期Maturation stage 中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 282.90 ± 5.74 a 4.12 ± 0.32 a 2.65 ± 0.30 a
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 270.04 ± 10.02 b 3.14 ± 0.68 b 2.12 ± 0.14 b

表4

小麦与玉米的产量构成因素"

年份
Year		 作物
Crop		 管理模式
Management mode		 品种
Variety		 每平方米穗数
Number of spikes/ears per square meter		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike/ear		 千粒重
Thousand-grain weight (g)		 单株产量
Single plant yield
(g)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 理论产量
Theoretical grain yield
(kg hm−2) / (kg mu−1)		 实际产量
Actual grain yield
(kg hm−2) / (kg mu−1)
2022-2023 小麦
Wheat		 高产栽培High-yield cultivation 烟农1212
Yannong 1212		 692±25 a 40.1±4.1 a 47.55±6.6 a 4.44±0.85 a 0.56±0.03 a 15,342.73±2268.87 a
(1022.85)		 13,213.35
(880.89)
当地常规Local conventional practices 济麦22
Jimai 22		 507±62 b 36.1±3.3 b 34.55±2.6 b 3.98±0.29 a 0.51±0.04 b 7353.00±1366.48 b
(490.20)		 6843.12
(456.21)
玉米
Maize		 高产栽培High-yield cultivation 中金玉2513
Zhongjinyu 2513		 9.1±0.26 a 584.7±17.4 a 379.31±40 a 206.25±23.3 a 0.58±0.05 a 23,209.80±2812.19 a
(1547.33)		 18,110.55
(1207.37)
当地常规Local conventional practices 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 7.0±0.57 b 581.0±62.7 a 331.20±29 b 192.40±27.8 a 0.53±0.08 b 15,662.68±2862.46 b
(1044.18)		 12,043.17
(802.88)
2023-2024 小麦
Wheat		 高产栽培High-yield cultivation 烟农1212
Yannong 1212		 753±68 a 40.0±3.4 a 45.00±4.7 a 4.56±0.55 a 0.53±0.06 a 15,760.47±1812.44 a
(1050.70)		 13,554.00
(903.60)
当地常规Local conventional practices 济麦22
Jimai 22		 511±35 b 37.4±3.8 a 35.12±3 b 4.01±0.03 b 0.50±0.06 a 7804.56±1522.24 b
(520.30)		 7534.22
(502.28)
玉米
Maize		 高产栽培High-yield cultivation 中金玉2513
Zhongjinyu 2513		 9.1±0.35 a 586.4±53.8 a 329.40±19 a 193.20±11.7 a 0.53±0.03 a 20,214.44±1119.93 a
(1347.63)		 17,423.00
(1161.53)
当地常规Local conventional practices 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 6.1±0.55 b 552.0±79.1 a 317.10±31 b 175.01±34.4 a 0.51±0.09 a 12,212.04±2257.08 b
(814.14)		 8932.41
(595.49)

表5

小麦与玉米的水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力"

年份
Year		 管理方式
Management mode		 品种
Variety		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
(kg m-3)		 灌溉水分利用效率
Irrigation water use
efficiency (kg m-3)		 氮肥偏生产力
Partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (kg kg-1)
2022-2023 高产栽培High-yield
cultivation		 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 3.24 8.26 56.75
中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 2.86 4.53 54.90
2023-2024 高产栽培High-yield
cultivation		 烟农1212 Yannong 1212 2.87 8.47 58.30
中金玉2513 Zhongjinyu 2513 2.17 4.36 52.80
2022-2023 当地常规
Local conventional practices		 济麦22 Jimai 22 1.59 3.74 26.73
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 2.82 6.11 50.18
2023-2024 当地常规
Local conventional practices		 济麦22 Jimai 22 1.52 4.12 29.43
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 1.49 4.53 37.22
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