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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 620-630.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55059

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江中下游油菜薹油兼用模式菜籽产量特征比较研究

李瑞(), 余意雯, 王敦亮, 田婷, 孙灵湘, 陶玥玥(), 孙华()   

  1. 苏州市农业科学院 / 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所国家油菜产业技术体系苏州综合试验站, 江苏苏州 215155
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27 接受日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-02-12 网络出版日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: *陶玥玥 E-mail:twhhltyy@163.com;孙华E-mail:sunhqzy@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: ruili023@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300304);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);江苏省现代农机装备与技术推广项目(NJ2025-19)

Comparative study on the characteristics of rapeseed yield under the rapeseed- oil dual-purpose mode in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Li Rui(), Yu Yi-Wen, Wang Dun-Liang, Tian Ting, Sun Ling-Xiang, Tao Yue-Yue(), Sun Hua()   

  1. Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Suzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station of China Rape Research System, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-08-27 Accepted:2025-11-18 Published:2026-02-12 Published online:2025-11-26
  • Contact: *Tao Yue-Yue E-mail:twhhltyy@163.com;Sun Hua E-mail:sunhqzy@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300304);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12);Jiangsu Province Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology Promotion Project(NJ2025-19)

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摘要：

为明确长江中下游流域冬油菜产区薹油兼用模式生产潜力及其区域应用效果, 本文于2024—2025年在江苏苏州开展大田试验, 以常规单一油用模式为对照, 系统比较2种模式下油菜菜籽产量构成及农艺性状特征差异; 结合2001—2025年中国知网收录的27篇文献中265组长江中下游地区产量数据整合分析, 通过方差分析与相关性分析, 解析不同地区油菜摘薹后对菜籽产量的影响。田间试验结果表明, 与常规模式相比, 摘薹后油菜总分枝数增加26.95%, 全生育期延长3.5 d, 株高、分枝高度、千粒重和花期持续时间分别显著降低6.35%、54.56%、4.70%和12.19% (P < 0.05); 2种模式下菜籽产量总体差异不显著(P > 0.05), 但摘薹且不追施氮肥下菜籽产量显著下降36.26% (P < 0.05), 一次分枝数、单株角果数、分枝高度和千粒重均显著降低(P < 0.05)。不同区域对比表现, 湖北、江西等长江中游地区摘薹后产量稳定, 而江浙皖地区补偿能力相对较弱、减产敏感。因此, 薹油兼用油菜种植应结合区域条件与品种、施肥等配套技术, 优化氮肥运筹与摘薹标准, 增强分枝补偿与花期持续性, 协同提高种植效益与菜籽产量。

关键词: 油菜, 薹油兼用, 菜籽产量, 农艺性状, 分枝补偿

Abstract:

To evaluate the production potential and regional applicability of the rapeseed-oil dual-purpose mode in the winter rapeseed-producing areas of the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin, a field experiment was conducted in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, from 2024 to 2025. Using the conventional single-purpose oil production mode as a control, this study systematically compared differences in yield components and agronomic traits between the two modes. Additionally, by integrating and analyzing 265 sets of yield data from 27 published studies (2001-2025) in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the effects of stalk removal on rapeseed yield across different regions were assessed through variance and correlation analyze. Field experiment results showed that, compared with the conventional mode, the dual-purpose mode increased the number of total branches by 26.95% and prolonged the growth period by 3.5 days, while significantly reducing plant height, branch height, 1000-seed weight, and flowering duration by 6.35%, 54.56%, 4.70%, and 12.19%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant overall difference in rapeseed yield was observed between the two modes (P > 0.05). However, under the stalk removal mode without nitrogen topdressing, yield decreased significantly by 36.26% (P < 0.05), accompanied by notable reductions in the number of primary branches, siliques per plant, branch height, and 1000-seed weight (P < 0.05). Regional comparisons revealed that the yield remained stable after stalk removal in mid-Yangtze regions such as Hubei and Jiangxi, while more pronounced yield sensitivity was observed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. Therefore, the rapeseed-oil dual-purpose mode should be adapted to local conditions, incorporating supportive practices such as optimized variety selection and fertilization strategies. Refining nitrogen management and stalk removal criteria can enhance branch compensation and extend the flowering period, thereby improving overall cultivation efficiency and stabilizing rapeseed yield.

Key words: rapeseed, rapeseed-oil dual-purpose, oilseed yield, agronomic traits, branching compensation

图1

长江中下游地区2种模式下总体菜籽产量 ZT: 薹油兼用油菜生产模式; CK: 常规籽用油菜生产模式。"

表1

多地区摘薹处理对油菜产量及产量构成因素的影响"

地区
Region		 处理
Treatment		 菜薹产量
EY (kg hm-2)		 菜籽产量
OY (kg hm-2)		 单株角果数
SPP		 每角粒数
SPS		 千粒重
TSW (g)		 模式间增值
IBM (yuan hm-2)		 文献
Reference
江苏
Jiangsu		 ZT 4339.80 2508.00 352.67 10.28 3.90 3421.68 [17-19]
CK — 2919.10 393.74 12.22 4.09
安徽
Anhui		 ZT 2091.19 1939.86 455.97 19.93 3.59 4943.09 [20-25]
CK — 2137.50 466.08 19.98 3.79
江西
Jiangxi		 ZT 5546.97 2220.25 213.92 20.43 3.89 4856.78 [26-31]
CK — 2138.30 192.39 20.28 4.14
湖北
Hubei		 ZT 4776.98 2681.22 190.21 23.38 3.72 5244.35 [7,32-37]
CK — 2680.98 175.74 21.30 4.01
浙江
Zhejiang		 ZT 3017.54 2183.46 494.16 22.34 4.05 4043.90 [38-42]
CK — 2496.74 524.20 20.75 4.05
ZT均值ZT mean 3954.49 2306.56 a 341.39 a 19.27 a 3.83 b 4501.92
CK均值CK mean — 2474.52 a 350.43 a 18.91 a 4.02 a

图2

长江中下游地区2种模式菜籽产量分布 ZT: 薹油兼用油菜生产模式; CK: 常规籽用油菜生产模式。"

表2

多地区摘薹处理对油菜农艺性状影响"

地区
Region		 处理
Treatment		 分枝高度 BH (cm) 株高
PH (cm)		 总分枝数
TBN		 一次分枝数
PBN		 二次分枝数
SBN		 全生育期
GP (d)		 花期
FD (d)
江苏
Jiangsu		 ZT 22.83 151.12 18.93 4.48 11.88 248.66 26.18
CK 59.90 162.56 13.79 8.24 5.55 244.42 32.75
安徽
Anhui		 ZT 9.94 163.67 23.09 7.82 29.53 215.25 22.92
CK 18.31 175.33 19.81 8.71 25.60 216.50 24.50
江西
Jiangxi		 ZT 27.44 146.23 9.52 4.19 7.77 203.80 28.50
CK 74.28 164.50 6.96 6.36 2.16 199.40 32.00
湖北
Hubei		 ZT 44.28 150.21 9.56 4.75 14.27 225.42 19.44
CK 63.10 158.80 7.10 6.59 2.88 220.46 21.29
浙江
Zhejiang		 ZT 15.23 172.05 24.94 6.75 21.73 219.17 29.00
CK 47.86 175.19 20.12 11.01 13.25 214.00 33.00
ZT均值ZT mean 23.94 b 156.66 b 17.21 a 5.60 b 17.04 a 222.46 a 25.21 b
CK均值CK mean 52.69 a 167.28 a 13.56 b 8.18 a 9.89 b 218.96 b 28.71 a

图3

长江中下游地区产量变幅与关键农艺性状变幅比较 OY: 菜籽产量; FD: 花期; SBN: 二次分枝数; 虚线: -10%菜籽产量变幅。"

表3

摘薹影响下油菜产量因素的亚组分类和组间异质性"

影响因素
Influencing factor		 亚组分类
Classification of subgroup		 n Qb P
种植区域
Region		 长江中游 Middle
长江下游 Lower		 20 1.00 0.410
油菜类型
Variety		 常规种Inbred
杂交种Hybrid		 42 0.07 0.809
种植密度
Planting density (×105 plant hm-2)		 低密Low density (< 1.5×105 plant hm-2)
中密Middle density (1.5×105-2.9×105 plant hm-2)
高密High density (≥ 3.0×105 plant hm-2)		 30 1.11 0.647
施氮量
N application rate (kg hm-2)		 低氮Low nitrogen (< 150 kg hm-2)
中氮Middle nitrogen (150-224 kg hm-2)
高氮High nitrogen (≥ 225 kg hm-2)		 23 2.78 0.358
菜薹长度
Stalk-cut length (cm)		 低Low (< 20 cm)
高High (≥ 20 cm)		 21 4.09 0.082
追氮量
N topdressing rate (kg hm-2)		 不追氮None (0 kg hm-2)
低追氮Low N topdressing (1-49 kg hm-2)
高追氮High N topdressing (≥ 50 kg hm-2)		 19 0.20 0.917

图4

摘薹处理下油菜产量的影响因素 A: 区域; B: 品种; C: 施氮量; D: 种植密度; E: 追氮量; F: 菜薹长度。括号内的数值代表样本数, 误差线表征95%置信区间。"

表4

摘薹对油菜菜籽产量与产量构成因素的影响"

处理
Treatment		 菜籽产量
OY (kg hm-2)		 主茎产量
MY (kg hm-2)		 分枝产量
BY (kg hm-2)		 单株角果数
SPP		 每角粒数
SPS		 千粒重
TSW (g)
ZT 2296.65 b 0 2296.65 a 33.00 b 26.35 a 4.01 b
CK 3603.05 a 2217.36 1385.69 b 68.00 a 20.99 a 4.51 a
变幅Variation (%) -36.26 -100.00 65.74 -51.47 25.51 -11.19

表5

摘薹对油菜关键农艺性状的影响"

处理
Treatment		 分枝高度
BH (cm)		 株高
PH (cm)		 结角层厚度
TPC (cm)		 总分枝数
TBN		 一次分枝数
PBN		 二次分枝数
SBN		 全生育期
GP (d)		 花期
FD (d)
ZT 49.25 b 132.17 a 39.67 a 3.00 a 1.17 b 1.67 a 213 19
CK 76.17 a 136.83 a 43.83 a 3.33 a 3.33 a 0.67 a 209 20
变幅Variation (%) -35.34 -3.41 -9.49 -10.00 -65.00 148.76 1.91 -5.00

图5

菜籽产量与农艺性状相关性分析 *, **分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上相关性显著。OY: 菜籽产量; SPP: 单株角果数; SPS: 每角粒数; TSW: 千粒重; BH: 分枝高度; PH: 株高; TBN: 总分枝数; PBN: 一次分枝数; SBN: 二次分枝数; GP: 全生育期; FD: 花期。"

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