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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1646-1657.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55071

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生籽仁总超长链脂肪酸和7种脂肪酸组分的QTL定位

郑玉珍1,2(), 齐飞艳2,3, 孙子淇2,3, 刘华2, 秦利2, 石磊2, 王娟2, 汪蒙蒙2, 韩锁义2, 徐静2, 苗利娟2, 黄冰艳2, 董文召2, 郑峥2, 张新友1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁沈阳 110866
    2 河南省作物分子育种研究院 / 河南省农业科学院 / 河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室 / 黄淮海平原油料作物重点实验室(农业农村部), 河南郑州 450002
    3 神农种业实验室, 河南郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20 接受日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-06-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-27
  • 通讯作者: * 张新友, E-mail: haasxinyou@163.com
  • 作者简介:郑玉珍, E-mail: yuzhen1004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省粮食储藏种质创新专项(2023YYJH1/10200002);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1202800);河南省科技项目(232102110234);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);河南省现代农业产业技术体系(HARS-22-05-S);河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金(2024JQ06);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC13)

QTL mapping of total very long-chain fatty acids and seven fatty acid components in peanut seeds

Zheng Yu-Zhen1,2(), Qi Fei-Yan2,3, Sun Zi-Qi2,3, Liu Hua2, Qin Li2, Shi Lei2, Wang Juan2, Wang Meng-Meng2, Han Suo-Yi2, Xu Jing2, Miao Li-Juan2, Huang Bing-Yan2, Dong Wen-Zhao2, Zheng Zheng2, Zhang Xin-You1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
    2 Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding of Henan Province / Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops / Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    3 The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-11-20 Accepted:2026-03-16 Published:2026-06-12 Published online:2026-03-27
  • Contact: * Zhang Xin-You, E-mail: haasxinyou@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Liaoning Province Specialized Program for Grain Storage Germplasm Innovation(2023YYJH1/10200002);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1202800);Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(232102110234);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System, China(HARS-22-05-S);Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024JQ06);Independent Innovation Project of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2025ZC13)

摘要:

花生油的品质主要由其脂肪酸组分决定, 因此改良花生的脂肪酸组分已成为花生育种的关键目标之一。本研究以冀花甜1号和PI478819为亲本构建的RIL群体为材料, 采用BSA-seq与传统定位相结合的方法, 对2个环境中花生籽仁的总超长链脂肪酸(TVLCFAs)和7种脂肪酸组分进行QTL定位, 基于检测到的主效QTL, 开发了相应的KASP标记, 并在RIL群体中进行验证及评价。共定位到7个与TVLCFAs和7种脂肪酸组分相关的QTL, 其中3个QTLs (qA06.1、qA08.1和qA16.1)与TVLCFAs和山嵛酸含量共定位且在2个环境中被重复检测到, 表型变异解释率为7.10%~32.85%。此外, 在2个环境中均检测到与油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量相关的qA08.1, 表型变异解释率为13.73%~29.33%。针对3个主效QTLs开发的分子标记Tif2.A06.115805462、Tif2.A08.45741511和Tif2.A16.148167815能有效鉴别TVLCFAs、花生酸和山嵛酸含量存在差异的材料, 且Tif2.A08.45741511还与油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量密切相关。本研究为低TVLCFAs和高油酸分子育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源, 并有助于加快低TVLCFAs和高油酸等优质专用型花生的分子标记辅助选择育种。

关键词: 花生, 脂肪酸组分, 总超长链脂肪酸, 集群分离体分析测序, QTL定位

Abstract:

Peanut oil quality is largely determined by its fatty acid composition; therefore, improving the fatty acid profile is a key objective in peanut breeding. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Jihuatian 1 × PI478819 to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for total very long-chain fatty acids (TVLCFAs) and seven individual fatty acid components across two environments, using a combined strategy of BSA-seq and conventional linkage mapping. Based on the major QTLs, we developed kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers and validated them in the RIL population. In total, seven QTLs associated with TVLCFAs and the seven fatty acid components were identified. Three QTLs (qA06.1, qA08.1, and qA16.1) were consistently detected in both environments and co-localized for TVLCFAs and behenic acid content, explaining 7.10%-32.85% of the phenotypic variance (PVE). Notably, qA08.1 was also associated with oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid contents in both environments, with PVE values of 13.73%-29.33%. The markers Tif2.A06.115805462, Tif2.A08.45741511, and Tif2.A16.148167815, developed for these three major QTLs, effectively distinguished lines with contrasting levels of TVLCFAs, arachidic acid, and behenic acid. In addition, Tif2.A08.45741511 was closely associated with oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid contents. Overall, these results provide useful genetic resources for breeding peanuts with low TVLCFAs and high oleic acid content and support accelerated marker-assisted selection for high-quality specialty peanut cultivars.

Key words: peanut, fatty acid composition, total very long-chain fatty acids, BSA-seq, QTL mapping

表1

亲本和RIL群体的脂肪酸含量表型变异和遗传分析"

性状
Trait
亲本
Parents
RIL群体
RIL population
PI478819 冀花甜1号
JHT1
最小值
Min. (%)
最大值
Max. (%)
平均值
Mean (%)
标准差
SD (%)
偏度
Skew.
峰度
Kurt.
遗传力
H2
油酸Oleic acid 34.46* 29.50 22.61 42.79 31.09 3.05 0.56 0.75 0.81
亚油酸Linoleic acid 42.15** 48.85 36.97 53.55 46.51 2.71 -0.48 0.18 0.82
棕榈酸Palmitic acid 12.71* 13.79 11.71 14.88 13.51 0.51 -0.56 0.76 0.79
硬脂酸Stearic acid 5.04*** 3.21 2.23 5.68 4.34 0.59 -0.32 -0.37 0.90
花生酸Arachidic acid 1.71*** 1.14 0.93 1.83 1.48 0.17 -0.52 -0.59 0.91
山嵛酸Behenic acid 2.21*** 1.41 1.37 2.37 1.95 0.26 -0.72 -0.71 0.91
花生烯酸Arachidonic acid 0.36* 0.64 0.22 1.02 0.52 0.10 0.18 1.21 0.82
总超长链脂肪酸TVLCFAs 4.43*** 3.19 3.08 4.59 3.95 0.38 -0.68 -0.75 0.90

图1

RIL群体脂肪酸组分的频率分布及相关性分析 TVLCFAs: 总超长链脂肪酸含量; OAC: 油酸含量; LAC: 亚油酸含量; PAC: 棕榈酸含量; SAC: 硬脂酸含量; AAC: 花生酸含量; BAC: 山嵛酸含量; ARAC: 花生烯酸含量。星号表示存在显著相关性(t检验); *: 在P < 0.05水平上相关性显著; ***: 在P < 0.001水平上相关性显著。"

图2

极端混池家系的TVLCFAs含量 误差线表示标准差。TVLCFAs: 总超长链脂肪酸。"

表2

TVLCFAs含量候选QTL区域"

算法
Algorithm
染色体
Chromosome
起始
Start (bp)
结束
End (bp)
Δ(SNP-index) A06 2,530,001 118,420,000
A08 2,510,001 51,529,986
A16 1 150,720,000
G-statistic A06 97,850,001 103,520,000
A06 105,210,001 118,420,000
A08 44,410,001 51,529,986
A16 146,720,001 150,690,000
Fisher-exact test A06 3,460,001 118,420,000
A08 4,290,001 7,290,000
A08 9,180,001 51,529,986
A16 73,370,001 150,720,000
Euclidean distance A06 104,860,001 118,420,000
A08 40,570,001 43,930,000
A08 44,410,001 51,529,986
A16 146,430,001 150,690,000

图3

连锁遗传图谱的构建 TVLCFAs: 总超长链脂肪酸。灰色框表示检测到的QTLs区间。LOD: 对数比值。"

表3

RIL群体TVLCFAs及脂肪酸组分的QTL定位"

性状
Trait
QTL名称 QTL name 染色体
Chr.
环境
Env.
区间
Interval (cM)
LOD值 LOD 表型变异解释率PVE (%) 加性效应Add
总超长链脂肪酸
TVLCFAs
qA06.1 A06 2022YY 2.1-2.2 25.74 15.59 -0.14
2023YY 2.1-2.2 46.08 25.85 -0.18
qA08.1 A08 2022YY 5.9-6.8 20.30 12.04 -0.12
2023YY 5.9-6.8 17.32 8.23 -0.10
qA16.1 A16 2022YY 12.0-12.2 46.31 31.71 -0.20
2023YY 12.2-13.0 51.48 29.84 -0.19
油酸
Oleic acid
qA08.1 A08 2022YY 1.9-5.9 17.77 16.30 -1.42
2023YY 1.9-5.9 26.14 24.89 -1.67
亚油酸
Linoleic acid
qA08.1 A08 2022YY 1.9-5.9 23.57 23.23 1.32
2023YY 1.9-5.9 29.95 29.33 1.53
棕榈酸
Palmitic acid
qA08.1 A08 2022YY 1.9-5.9 13.28 13.73 0.20
2023YY 1.9-5.9 20.51 19.86 0.26
硬脂酸
Stearic acid
qA06.1 A06 2022YY 2.1-2.2 22.98 16.78 -0.26
2023YY 2.1-2.2 22.87 16.90 -0.24
qA08.2 A08 2022YY 0-1.9 6.12 4.09 -0.13
2023YY 0-1.9 4.46 2.97 -0.10
qA16.1 A16 2022YY 11.4-12.0 28.29 21.36 -0.29
2023YY 11.4-12.0 27.64 21.05 -0.26
花生酸
Arachidic acid
qA06.1 A06 2022YY 2.1-2.2 24.08 20.51 -0.07
2023YY 2.1-2.2 32.81 22.57 -0.07
qA08.3 A08 2022YY 8.1-16.1 9.69 8.67 -0.05
qA08.1 A08 2023YY 1.9-5.9 6.10 3.62 -0.03
qA16.1 A16 2022YY 12.0-12.2 23.09 19.57 -0.07
2023YY 12.0-12.2 38.62 27.55 -0.08
山嵛酸
Behenic acid
qA06.1 A06 2022YY 2.1-2.2 27.52 16.44 -0.10
2023YY 2.1-2.2 43.14 24.90 -0.12
qA08.1 A08 2022YY 5.9-6.8 18.14 10.37 -0.08
2023YY 5.9-6.8 14.50 7.10 -0.06
qA16.1 A16 2022YY 12.0-12.2 48.50 32.85 -0.14
2023YY 12.0-12.2 51.95 31.49 -0.13
花生烯酸
Arachidonic acid
qA06.2 A06 2022YY 2.2-2.7 8.44 7.10 0.03
qA16.1 A16 2022YY 11.4-12.0 6.67 5.60 0.03
qA16.2 A16 2023YY 3.0-7.4 4.28 4.15 0.02

图4

KASP标记遗传效应的验证 A-C: 2个环境下(2022YY: 2022年原阳; 2023YY: 2023年原阳), RIL群体中与TVLCFAs、花生酸和山嵛酸含量QTL相关的KASP标记Tif2.A06.115805462、Tif2.A16.148167815和Tif2.A08.45741511的遗传效应的验证; D: 3个环境下(2019SQ: 2019年商丘; 2019WF: 2019年潍坊; 2019XX: 2019年新乡), 353份花生种质资源中与TVLCFAs含量QTL相关的KASP标记Tif2.A06.115805462、Tif2.A16.148167815和Tif2.A08.45741511的遗传效应的验证。TVLCFAs: 总超长链脂肪酸。不同小写字母表示经Tukey’s HSD检验在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

图5

油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量QTL相关的KASP标记Tif2.A08.45741511的遗传效应验证 A: 2个环境下(2022YY: 2022年原阳; 2023YY: 2023年原阳), KASP标记Tif2.A08.45741511在RIL群体中的验证。B: 当FAD2A和FAD2B为野生型时, 在3个环境下(2019SQ: 2019年商丘; 2019WF: 2019年潍坊; 2019XX: 2019年新乡), KASP标记Tif2.A08.45741511在353份花生种质资源中的验证。C: 当FAD2A和FAD2B发生突变时, 在3个环境下(2019SQ: 2019年商丘; 2019WF: 2019年潍坊; 2019XX: 2019年新乡), KASP标记Tif2.A08.45741511在353份花生种质资源中的验证。***表示在P < 0.001水平上差异显著(t检验); ns表示不存在显著差异。"

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