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花生种质果柄强度的遗传分化与主要影响因子分析

孙辰硕1，张月1，田泽锴1，晏立英1，康彦平1，陈玉宁1，王欣1，淮东欣1，王前前1，姜慧芳1，罗怀勇1，黄莉1，廖伯寿1，王志慧1,2,*，雷永1,*   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所, 湖北武汉430062; 2 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27 修回日期:2025-10-30 接受日期:2025-10-30 网络出版日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者: 王志慧, E-mail: wangzhihui@caas.cn; 雷永, E-mail: leiyong@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1200201), 湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B003), 湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2024620000001031), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)和中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)资助。

Genetic differentiation of peg strength and analysis of major influencing factors in peanut germplasm

Sun Chen-Shuo1, Zhang Yue1, Tian Ze-Kai1, Yan Li-Ying1, Kang Yan-Ping1, Chen Yu-Ning1, Wang Xin1, Huai Dong-Xin1, Wang Qian-Qian1, Jiang Hui-Fang1, Luo Huai-Yong1, Huang Li1, Liao Bo-Shou1, Wang Zhi-Hui1,2,*,Lei Yong1,*   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China; 2 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-05-27 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published online:2025-11-04
  • Contact: 王志慧, E-mail: wangzhihui@caas.cn; 雷永, E-mail: leiyong@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1200201), the Project of the Development for high-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province (HBZY2023B003), the Innovation Team of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center Project (2024620000001031), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).

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摘要： 花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)作为我国重要的油料作物，具有“地上开花地下结果”的独特生物学特性。这一特性导致收获过程中，尤其在机械化收获条件下，出现较高的落果率，严重影响了收获效率并造成产量损失。品种间果柄强度的差异是决定挖掘作业落果率差异的主要因素，系统揭示花生果柄强度的变异规律并阐明其主要影响因子，将为培育抗落果品种提供优异材料和技术支撑。为此，本研究调查了241份代表性花生种质材料的果柄强度及其相关的果柄粗度、果柄木质素和纤维素含量。结果表明，茎-柄和果-柄节点拉断力在不同材料间的变异系数超30%，存在丰富的表型变异，成功筛选了11份优异种质资源；不同变种间的果柄强度差异显著，珍珠豆型和多粒型的果柄强度显著高于其他类型，表明遗传因素对花生果柄强度产生了不同的影响。基于果柄强度相关性状开展了相关性分析、主成分分析、多元线性回归分析等，结果显示果柄强度与果柄纤维素含量高度相关；选取了4个极端表型的花生材料，测定了花生果柄4个发育时期的纤维素和木质素含量，研究发现了果柄强度大的材料在不同发育时期的纤维素含量均显著高于果柄强度小的材料，再次验证了纤维素含量是影响果柄强度的重要因素。本研究揭示了花生果柄强度在种质资源中的变异情况，阐明了果柄纤维素含量对果柄强度的重要影响，为后续开展花生果柄强度遗传改良和培育适宜机械化收获的抗落果花生品种奠定了基础。

关键词: 花生, 茎-柄节点拉断力, 果-柄节点拉断力, 遗传分化, 影响因子

Abstract:

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop in China. Due to its unique biological characteristic of “aerial flowering and subterranean fruiting”, it faces a high pod drop rate during harvesting—especially under mechanized conditions—which significantly reduces production efficiency and leads to yield losses. Variations in peg strength among peanut germplasm are a key determinant of pod drop rate during digging operations. Systematically uncovering the variation patterns in peg strength and identifying its primary influencing factors will provide valuable germplasm and technical support for breeding pod drop-resistant varieties. In this study, peg strength and related traits—including peg thickness, lignin content, and cellulose content—were evaluated across 241 representative peanut germplasm accessions. The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the breaking force at both the stem–peg and pod–peg junctions exceeded 30%, indicating substantial phenotypic diversity. Eleven elite germplasm accessions with superior peg strength were identified. Significant differences in peg strength were observed among botanical types, with Valencia and Multigrain types exhibiting significantly higher values than others, suggesting that genetic background has a notable influence on peg strength. Further correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression revealed a strong positive correlation between peg strength and cellulose content. To validate this, four accessions with extreme phenotypes were selected, and cellulose and lignin contents were measured at four developmental stages of the peg. Accessions with high peg strength consistently exhibited significantly higher cellulose content across all stages compared to those with low peg strength, confirming that cellulose content is a key factor influencing peg strength. This study clarifies the phenotypic variation in peg strength among peanut germplasm and highlights the critical role of cellulose content, providing a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of peg strength and the development of peanut varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting.

Key words: peanut, breaking force at stem–peg, breaking force at pod–peg, genetic differentiation, influencing factor

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