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中国北方主产区主要地理和气候因子对花生农艺性状和品质的影响

姜骁1，赵健鑫1,2，毕竞男1，许静1，殷祥贞1，赵旭红1，潘丽娟1，陈娜1，马俊卿1，韩鹏3，杨珍1,*，迟晓元1,*   

  1. 1 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100; 2 青岛科技大学生物工程学院, 山东青岛 266042; 3 河北省农业技术推广总站, 河北石家庄 050000
  • 网络出版日期:2025-06-26
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山东省重点研发计划项目(2024LZGC035)，山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023QC146，ZR2023QC177)，泰山学者工程项目(NO.tstp20240523，NO.tsqn202312292)，财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-13)，农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室开放课题(KF2024007)，新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-3)，山东省重点研发计划项目(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2022TZXD0031)，山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023F20，CXGC2024F20)和浙江省数字旱粮重点实验室培育开放课题项目(2022E10012)资助。

Effects of major geographic and climatic factors on agronomic traits and quality of peanut in the main production areas of northern China

JIANG Xiao1,ZHAO Jian-Xin1,2,BI Jing-Nan1,XU Jing1,YIN Xiang-Zhen1,ZHAO Xu-Hong1,PAN Li-Juan1,CHEN Na1,Ma Jun-Qing1,HAN Peng3,YANG Zhen1,*,CHI Xiao-Yuan1,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;2 College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China;3 Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
  • Published online:2025-06-26
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China (2024LZGC035), the Natural Science Fund of Shangdong Province (ZR2023QC146, ZR2023QC177), the Taishan Scholars Program (NO.tstp20240523, NO.tsqn202312292), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (KF2024007), the Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang (2022A02008-3), the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province (Action Plan to Boost Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization) (2022TZXD0031), the Innovation Project of SAAS (CXGC2023F20, CXGC2024F20), and the Key Laboratory of Digital Upland Crops of Zhejiang Province (2022E10012).

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摘要：

花生(Arachis hypogea L.)是一种广泛种植的经济作物和油料作物，而地理位置和气象因素作为最重要的环境因素，对花生的产量、农艺和品质性状起着至关重要的作用。为探索花生各个性状与环境因素之间的关系，本研究以37个大粒型花生和25个小粒型花生为试验材料，结合2020年我国主产区23个地市地理数据和气象数据，分析环境对花生各个性状的影响。研究发现，各性状之间均存在基因型和环境互作，产量随海拔和纬度的升高而降低，积温越高，产量越高；全生育期降水量是影响农艺性状的重要因子；蛋白质含量随日照时数的升高而升高，脂肪含量与全生育期≥10℃活动积温、全生育期平均降水量和全生育期平均昼夜温差均呈极显著正相关，蔗糖含量随昼夜温差的升高而升高，基因型是油酸和亚油酸含量的主导因素。本研究为我国北方花生品种区划及提高产量和品质具有重要意义。

关键词: 花生, 产量, 农艺性状, 品质性状, 环境因子

Abstract:

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widely cultivated cash and oilseed crop. Geographical and meteorological conditions, as key environmental factors, play a critical role in determining peanut yield, agronomic performance, and quality traits. To investigate the relationship between peanut traits and environmental variables, we evaluated 37 large-seed and 25 small-seed peanut genotypes using environmental data from 23 geographic and meteorological indicators across major production regions in China in 2020. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were observed for all 11 traits assessed. Specifically, peanut yield showed a negative correlation with increasing altitude and latitude, and a positive correlation with accumulated temperature. All-growth-stage precipitation played significant role in agronomic traits. Protein content increased with longer sunshine duration. Oil content was significantly and positively associated with accumulated temperature (≥10?°C) during the entire growth period, average precipitation, and average diurnal temperature range. Sucrose content also exhibited a positive correlation with average diurnal temperature variation. Notably, genotype was identified as the primary factor influencing oleic and linoleic acid contents. These findings provide valuable insights for regional adaptation and zoning of peanut varieties in northern China and offer practical guidance for improving peanut yield and quality.

Key words: Arachis hypogea L., yield, agronomic traits, quality traits, environmental factors

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