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花生机械脱壳损伤相关农艺指标筛选与QTL定位

张胜忠1,李国卫1,戈立江2,王菲菲1,胡晓辉1,苗华荣1,*,李燕3,钟文4,陈静1,*   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院, 山东济南250100; 2 山东职业学院, 山东济南250104; 3 招远市农业技术推广中心, 山东烟台265400; 4 山东省种子管理总站, 山东济南250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-16 修回日期:2025-10-30 接受日期:2025-10-30 网络出版日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 苗华荣, E-mail:1949813628@qq.com; 陈静, E-mail: mianbaohua2008@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1202800), 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MC045)和山东省农业科学院重大科技成果培育工程项目(CXGC2025E02)资助。

Screening and QTL mapping for mechanical shelling damage related traits in peanut

Zhang Sheng-Zhong1,Li Guo-Wei1,Ge Li-Jiang2,Wang Fei-Fei1,Hu Xiao-Hui1,Miao Hua-Rong1,*,Li Yan3,Zhong Wen4,Chen Jing1,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; 2 Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan 250104, Shandong, China; 3 Zhaoyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yantai 265400, Shandong, China; 4 Shandong Provincial Seed Management Station, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-07-16 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published online:2025-11-07
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1202800), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MC045), and Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Program of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC2025E02).

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摘要： 为筛选影响花生机械脱壳质量的农艺性状和探索其遗传基础，本研究利用63个高世代品系，选取3个荚果或籽仁相关性状(出仁率、荚果破损压力和籽仁破损压力)，分别与籽仁损伤率性状进行相关性分析。结果表明，仅籽仁破损压力与籽仁损伤率呈现显著相关。此外，从上述高世代品系中筛选到2个籽仁损伤率低于2.50%的品系材料D9和E10。进一步针对籽仁破损压力性状，以品种花育36号和6-13配组衍生的包含181个家系的重组自交系(recombinant inbred line, RIL)群体为材料，采集了该RIL群体2020—2023年在山东烟台、威海、东营和青岛4个环境下的表型数据。结果表明，籽仁破损压力在RIL群体中均表现为连续分布和超亲遗传，广义遗传率为0.88。利用前期构建的高密度遗传图谱，共定位到8个与籽仁破损压力相关加性QTL，表型贡献率范围为6.04%~28.30%，其中2个主效位点qKCF7和qKCF16.1可在不同环境下表达，其增效等位基因均来自花育36号。共定位到12对相关上位性QTL，共涉及24个SNP标记区间，表型贡献率范围为1.55%~4.01%。本研究结果为后续花生适宜机械脱壳相关性状遗传改良提供了重要靶点及材料支持。

关键词: 花生, 机械脱壳, 籽仁破损压力, 数量性状位点, 定位

Abstract:

To further identify agronomic traits influencing mechanical shelling quality in peanut and explore their genetic basis, this study evaluated 63 advanced-generation lines and focused on three pod- or kernel-related traits: shelling percentage, pod crushing force, and kernel crushing force. Correlation analysis revealed that only kernel crushing force was significantly associated with the damaged kernel rate. Two lines (D9 and E10) with low damaged kernel rates (< 2.50%) were identified. Additionally, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 181 individuals derived from a cross between cultivars Huayu36 and 6-13 was used for QTL mapping of the kernel crushing force trait. Phenotypic data were collected from 2020 to 2023 across four locations: Yantai, Weihai, Dongying, and Qingdao. The trait exhibited continuous variation and transgressive segregation in the RIL population, with a broad-sense heritability of 0.88. Using a previously published high-density genetic map, eight additive QTLs associated with kernel crushing force were identified, explaining 6.04% to 28.30% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, two major QTLs, qKCF7 and qKCF16.1, were stably expressed across multiple environments, with favorable alleles derived from Huayu36. In addition, 12 pairs of epistatic QTLs involving 24 SNP intervals were detected, explaining 1.55% to 4.01% of the phenotypic variation. These findings provide valuable genetic targets and germplasm resources for the future genetic improvement of traits related to mechanical shelling quality in peanut.

Key words: peanut, mechanical shelling, kernel crushing force, quantitative trait locus, mapping

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