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331份花生种质苗期耐盐性综合评价和强耐盐种质鉴选

王菲菲1，张胜忠1，杨贵华2，苗华荣1，胡晓辉1，张则林3，刘莎莎4 ，乔利仙5，单世华1,*，陈静1,*   

  1. 1 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛266100; 2 济南市农业技术推广服务中心, 山东济南250002; 3 滦州市油榨镇人民政府, 河北唐山063702; 4 青岛鲁聚丰种业有限公司, 山东青岛266200; 5 青岛农业大学农学院, 山东青岛266109
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-10-30 接受日期:2025-10-30 网络出版日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈静, E-mail: mianbaohua2008@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山东省农业良种工程项目(2024LZGC031)和山东省农业科学院创新工程项目(CXGC2025E02)资助。

Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance and identification of elite salt-tolerant germplasm in 331 peanut accessions at seedling stage

Wang Fei-Fei1,Zhang Sheng-Zhong1,Yang Gui-Hua2,Miao Hua-Rong1,Hu Xiao-Hui1,Zhang Ze-Lin3,Liu Sha-Sha4,Qiao Li-Xian5,Shan Shi-Hua1,*,Chen Jing1,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China; 2 Jinan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250002, Shandong, China; 3 Youzha Town People’s Government, Luanzhou City, Tangshan 063702, Hebei, China; 4 Qingdao Lujufeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266200, Shandong, China; 5 College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published online:2025-11-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Shandong Province Agriculture Improved Seed Project (2024LZGC031) and the Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CXGC2025E02).

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摘要：

土壤盐渍化是限制花生扩种及产量的主要制约因素之一，筛选优异耐盐花生种质并鉴定相关指标，为耐盐品种选育和耐盐分子机制研究奠定基础。以331份花生种质为研究对象，利用水培法于苗期进行耐盐性鉴定。测定了8个指标：SPAD值、苗高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、地上干重、地下干重、鲜重根冠比和干重根冠比。采用主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法及聚类分析发对花生苗期耐盐性进行综合评价。在不同盐浓度处理下，苗高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、地上干重、鲜重根冠比和干重根冠比6个指标在不同种质间均表现出显著差异。在盐胁迫下，花生生长受抑制，其中4个指标的测定值较对照显著降低。相关性分析显示，8个指标的耐盐系数均存在相关性，其中地下鲜重和地下干重的相关性最强(相关系数为0.83)。主成分分析将8个指标转换成3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达76.22%。基于D值进行聚类分析，将331份种质划分为5类耐盐型，第Ι类强耐盐型(11份)、第Ⅱ类耐盐型(33份)、第Ⅲ类中间型(104份)、第Ⅳ类盐敏感型(42份)、第V类高盐敏感型(141份)。通过逐步回归分析，构建花生苗期耐盐评价回归方程：Y = 0.032 + 0.163X4 + 0.137X3 + 0.073X1 ? 0.158X2 + 0.111X5 + 0.08X6。D值适用于花生苗期耐盐性评价，筛选出包括华实2、AM-Georganic、中花6等在内的11份强耐盐性种质。苗高、地下干重和地上干重可作为花生苗期耐盐性鉴定的主要指标。

关键词: 花生, 苗期, 耐盐评价, 主成分分析, 隶属函数分析, 种质鉴选

Abstract: Soil salinization is a major constraint limiting the expansion and yield of peanut cultivation. Screening salt-tolerant peanut germplasm and identifying related traits provide a foundation for breeding salt-tolerant varieties and investigating the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance. In this study, the salt tolerance of 331 peanut accessions was evaluated at the seedling stage using a hydroponic system. Eight parameters were measured: SPAD value, plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, fresh weight root/shoot ratio, and dry weight root/shoot ratio. A comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), membership function analysis, and cluster analysis. Under different salt concentrations, six parameters—plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, fresh weight root/shoot ratio, and dry weight root/shoot ratio—showed significant differences among accessions. Salt stress inhibited peanut growth and significantly reduced four of these parameters compared with the control. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among the salt tolerance coefficients of all eight parameters, with the strongest correlation observed between root fresh weight and root dry weight (r = 0.83). PCA reduced the eight parameters to three principal components, accounting for a cumulative variance of 76.22%. Based on D-values (comprehensive evaluation scores), cluster analysis grouped the 331 accessions into five categories: Group I (highly salt-tolerant, 11 accessions), Group II (salt-tolerant, 33 accessions), Group III (intermediate, 104 accessions), Group IV (salt-sensitive, 42 accessions), and Group V (highly salt-sensitive, 141 accessions). A stepwise regression analysis yielded a predictive equation for evaluating salt tolerance in peanut seedlings: Y = 0.032 + 0.163X4 + 0.137X3 + 0.073X1 ? 0.158 X2 + 0.111X5 + 0.08X6. The D-value proved effective for assessing salt tolerance at the seedling stage, and 11 salt-tolerant germplasms, including Huashi 2, AM-Ceorganic, and Zhonghua 6, were identified. Plant height, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were identified as key indicators for evaluating peanut salt tolerance at the seedling stage.

Key words: peanut, seedling, assessment of salt tolerance, principal component analysis, subordinate function analysis, germplasm evaluation

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