作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2208-2220.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02208
李杰1,2,张洪程1,*,常勇1,龚金龙1,胡雅杰1,龙厚元1,戴其根1,霍中洋1,许轲1,魏海燕1,高辉1
LI Jie1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,CHANG Yong1,GONG Jin-Long1,HU Ya-Jie1,LONG Hou-Yuan1,DAI Qi-Gen1,HUO Zhong-Yang1,XU Ke1,WEI Hai-Yan1,GAO Hui1
摘要: 为探明高产栽培条件下不同种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响,以超级稻品种淮稻9号和徐稻3号为材料,对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的根系形态生理特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)不同种植方式超级稻产量差异极显著,与手栽相比,机插和直播分别减产5.05%和13.68%。(2)群体根数,直播>机插>手栽,但随生育进程差异越来越小,总根长拔节期直播>机插>手栽,抽穗期和成熟期,机插>手栽>直播;单茎根数不同种植方式间差异较小,总根长手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异大都达到显著水平;每条根长手栽和机插间差异不显著,均显著高于直播,根直径手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异显著。(3)群体根系干重拔节期机插和直播间差异不显著,均极显著高于手栽,抽穗期不同方式间差异均不显著,成熟期手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异极显著,抽穗后根系干重衰减率直播>机插>手栽,不同方式间差异显著;单茎根系干重拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期均手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异大都达到极显著水平,抽穗后根系干重衰减率直播与机插间差异不显著,均显著高于手栽;地上部干重手栽、机插、直播依次减小,根冠比则依次增大。(4)与手栽相比,机插和直播根系主要分布在0~10 cm的土层内,特别是直播,65%的根系分布在0~5 cm的土层内;0~5 cm土层根系干重占根系总干重的比例手栽、机插、直播依次增大,5~10 cm、10~15 cm和15 cm以下均依次减小。(5)群体根系吸收面积拔节期差异不显著,抽穗期手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异极显著,成熟期手栽和机插间差异不显著,均极显著高于直播;单茎根系吸收面积拔节期和成熟期手栽与机插间差异不显著,均极显著高于直播,抽穗期手栽>机插>直播,不同方式间差异极显著。(6)抽穗后群体根系伤流强度手栽、机插、直播依次增大,单茎根系伤流强度则依次减小。说明不同种植方式对超级稻的根系形态生理特征有明显影响,每条根长和根直径的不同以及根系在土层中的分布不同是不同种植方式水稻根系性状的两个显著特征。与手栽和机插相比,直播根系分布浅,每条根长和根直径小,群体根数多,但单茎根系总长短,根系干重低,吸收面积和抽穗后伤流强度小;机插与手栽相比,根直径小,根系分布浅,抽穗后群体和单茎根系干重低、下降快,单茎根系总长和伤流强度小。
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