作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2192-2200.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02192
张伟,赵婧,邱强,王曙明,张春宝,闫晓艳,赵丽梅*,张鸣浩,张伟龙,樊慧梅
ZHANG Wei,ZHAO Jing,QIU Qiang,WANG Shu-Ming,ZHANG Chun-Bao,YAN Xiao-Yan*,ZHAO Li Mei*,ZHANG Ming-Hao, ZHANG Wei-Long, and FAN Hui-Mei
摘要:
以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料,探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理,分析产量构成特性,明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明,2010—2011年,杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量,R2(始花期)~R7(成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4 (盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种,2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30,远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数,且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种,生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d–1和0.20 g d–1,干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d,干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著,但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势,快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量,是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。
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