作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2220-2227.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02220
李伟1,2,申家恒2,*,郭德栋3
LI Wei1,2,SHEN Jia-Heng2,*,GUO De-Dong3
摘要:
应用透射电镜技术研究栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris)助细胞退化进程的超微结构特征, 以丰富被子植物生殖生物学资料。结果表明:花蕾时期,2个助细胞相似,珠孔端具发达的丝状器,合点端无壁,极性明显,细胞器种类多,数量大,呈现较强代谢活性;随后,一个助细胞的核质和胞质的电子密度显著高于另一个助细胞,液泡膜消失,线粒体、质体膜与核膜不清晰,细胞出现退化迹象,但内质网和高尔基体丰富,分泌活动旺盛;待花蕾刚开放(授粉前),此助细胞完全退化。另一个助细胞(宿存助细胞)内的细胞器逐渐增多,且功能状态趋于活跃,表现为核糖体、线粒体、质体等数量增加;线粒体内嵴丰富,可见DNA纤丝;质体形态多样,片层明显,内含淀粉粒。至卵细胞受精前(授粉后约13 h),宿存助细胞代谢达到最活跃状态;至合子合点端建成蜂窝状细胞壁且胚乳游离核形成后,宿存助细胞开始退化;至合子后期,此细胞退化完全,丝状器消失。上述结果表明,栽培甜菜助细胞的退化与授粉和花粉管生长无关;宿存助细胞做为传递细胞,为胚囊的发育吸收并转输营养。
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