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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 1035-1043.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01035

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻茬小麦公顷产量9000 kg群体钾素积累、分配与利用特性

丁锦峰,訾妍,杨佳凤,潘婷,封超年,朱新开,李春燕,彭永欣,郭文善*   

  1. 扬州大学农学院 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室 / 扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-25 修回日期:2014-03-04 出版日期:2014-06-12 网络出版日期:2014-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 郭文善, E-mail: wheat@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30971729, 31171480), “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B08), 江苏省科技厅项目(BE2009426), 江苏省农业三项工程, 江苏高校优势学科建设工程和江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目资助。

Potassium Accumulation, Distribution, and Utilization in Wheat with Yield Potential of 9000 kg ha−1 in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

DING Jin-Feng,ZI Yan,YANG Jia-Feng,PAN Ting,FENG Chao-Nian,ZHU Xin-Kai,LI Chun-Yan,PENG Yong-Xin,GUO Wen-Shan*   

  1. College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2013-07-25 Revised:2014-03-04 Published:2014-06-12 Published online:2014-04-09
  • Contact: 郭文善, E-mail: wheat@yzu.edu.cn

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被引次数

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摘要：

 在稻麦两熟制条件下，以扬麦20为材料，通过基本苗和氮肥施用量、施用时期及比例的调控，建立不同产量水平群体，研究籽粒产量9000 kg hm-2群体钾素积累、分配与利用特性。结果表明，籽粒产量≥9000 kg hm-2 (超高产)群体钾素吸收高峰期出现在拔节至开花期，吸收的钾素占一生吸收钾素的52%~68%；开花期和成熟期钾素积累量均极显著高于<9000 kg hm-2 (高产)群体。成熟期叶片、茎鞘、颖壳+穗轴和籽粒钾素积累量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关；花后茎鞘钾素转运量与产量呈极显著线性正相关，颖壳+穗轴钾素转运量与产量呈极显著线性负相关。超高产群体开花期和成熟期钾素积累量分别为430~450 kg hm-2和366~408 kg hm-2；成熟期钾素积累量，茎鞘中最高，为244~269 kg hm-2，其次是叶片和颖壳+穗轴，分别为46~49 kg hm-2和40~46 kg hm-2，籽粒中仅为35~46 kg hm-2；花后茎鞘钾素转出量为46~52 kg hm-2，颖壳+穗轴钾素积累量为9~17 kg hm-2。超高产群体每100 kg籽粒的吸钾量需达4.57~4.87 kg，此时的钾素利用效率为20.56~22.02 kg kg-1，钾收获指数为0.095~0.112。

关键词: 稻茬小麦, 高产, 钾素积累、分配与利用

Abstract:

Different wheat populations of Yangmai 20 were established in the rice-wheat rotation system by managing plant density and nitrogen application amount, timing and splitting ratio in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 growing seasons. These populations were divided into high yield (HY, <9000 kg ha-1) and super high yield (SHY, ≥9000 kg ha-1) groups. Characteristics of potassium (K) uptake and utilization in both population groups were compared to guide high-yield wheat production in the rice-wheat rotation system. In SHY population, K absorption from elongation to anthesis was greater than that of other growing periods, which accounted for 52–68% of the total K uptake. The K accumulation amounts at anthesis and maturity were significantly higher in SHY population than in HY population. At maturity, K accumulation amount in leaf, stem, rachis + hull, and grain was positively correlated with grain yield. After anthesis, K translocation amount from stem to grain was positively correlated with grain yield, whereas K translocation amount from rachis + hull to grain was negatively correlated with grain yield. In SHY population, K accumulation amount was 430–450 kg ha-1 at anthesis and 366–408 kg ha-1 at maturity; K accumulation amounts at maturity were 46–49 kg ha-1 in leaf, 244–269 kg ha-1 in stem, 40–46 kg ha-1 in rachis + hull, and 35–46 kg ha-1 in grain; K translocation amount at anthesis from stem to grain was 46–52 kg ha-1; and K accumulation amount in rachis + hull from anthesis to maturity was 9–17 kg ha-1. For yielding grain higher than 9000 kg ha-1, winter wheat in the rice-wheat rotation system required 4.57–4.87 kg K nutrient to produce 100 kg grain. Meanwhile, the K use efficiency and K harvest index were 20.56–22.02 kg kg-1 and 0.095–0.112, respectively.

Key words: Wheat in wheat-rice rotation system, High-yield production, Accumulation, distribution and utilization of potassium

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