杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明不同播期杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性及其与产量的关系, 以F优498为材料, 采用二因素裂区设计, 研究了早播与迟播2个处理下机直播、机插、手插3种种植方式的杂交籼稻分蘖发生与成穗特点及各分蘖穗的穗部性状。结果表明: (1) 一次分蘖群对产量贡献大且稳定, 均在58.67%~63.82%之间; 主茎对产量贡献率以机直播最高, 手插最低; 机插和手插二次分蘖群占产量比例均显著高于机直播。(2) 不同种植方式分蘖发生与成穗规律不同, 机直播与机插分蘖发生均属一次高峰型, 手插属二次高峰型。机直播分蘖发生早而快, 一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1~第8叶位, 其中第1~第4叶位分蘖成穗率较高, 二次分蘖成穗以第1、第2叶位为主。机插分蘖发生晚、起点低, 但比较集中, 一次分蘖群以3/0~8/0发生为主, 3/0~6/0分蘖成穗率较高, 二次分蘖群成穗以第3~第5叶位为主。手插秧田与本田均发生分蘖, 分蘖发生叶位数多, 持续时间长, 一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1、第2、第4~第8叶位, 其中第1、第2、第4、第5和第6叶位成穗率较高, 二次分蘖群发生与成穗主要在第1、第2叶位。分蘖成穗叶位数和产量均随播期延迟而减少。(3) 3种种植方式的主茎及中低叶位一次分蘖枝梗数和每穗粒数多, 粒大, 单穗重高; 高叶位一次分蘖和二次分蘖枝梗数和穗粒均较少, 稻穗小。机直播优势叶位为第1~第4叶位, 机插为第3~第6叶位, 手插为第1、第2、第4、第5和第6叶位, 对产量贡献率分别达70.51%、73.83%和76.81%。优势叶位分蘖发生与成穗率高, 稻穗大, 对产量贡献率高, 应优化农艺措施挖掘其增产潜力。

关键词: 杂交籼稻, 机械化种植, 分蘖特性, 优势叶位, 成穗率

Abstract:

In order to explore tillering characteristics and its relationships with yield of indica hybrid rice with mechanized planting and different sowing dates, a split plot field experiment was conducted using F you 498 with mechanized direct-seeding, mechanized transplanting and artificial transplanting and two sowing date treatments. The main results are as follows: (1) The major and stable contribution to yield was from primary tillers group, ranging from 58.67% to 63.82% among different planting methods. The contribution to yield from main stem was significantly different, with the highest in mechanized direct-seeding and the lowest in artificial transplanting. Yield of secondary tillers group was much lower in mechanized direct-seeding than in mechanized and artificial transplanting. (2) The tillering and panicle formation pattern was different for different planting methods which had a changing trend with a single peak for mechanized direct-seeding and transplanting and with two peaks for artificial transplanting. Tillers of mechanized direct-seeding had early and fast emergence and its primary tillers group emerged from leaf 1 to leaf 8, among which tillers from leaf 1 to leaf 4 had higher percentage of emerging and earbearing, and secondary tillers group earbeared mainly in leaf 1 and leaf 2. Tillers of mechanized transplanting had relatively late, low and concentrated emergence, the primary tillers group mainly emerged from 3/0 to 8/0, among which leaf position of 3/0 to 6/0 had higher rate of panicle formation, and secondary tillers group emerged and earbeared mainly in leaf 3, leaf 4, and leaf 5. The number of tillering leaf positions of artificial transplanting was more and tillering time was longer in seeding bed and field. The primary tillers group mainly emerged from leaf 1 to leaf 8 besides leaf 3, among which the tillers of leaf 1, leaf 2, leaf 4, leaf 5, and leaf 6 had higher earbearing percentage, secondary tillers group emerged and earbeared mainly in leaf 1 and leaf 2. The number of tillering and earbearing leaf positions and yield decreased with delaying sowing date. (3) The main stem and primary tillers in low and middle earbearing leaf positions had larger number of earbearing tiller branches, spikelets per panicle, grain weight and grain weight per panicle among three planting methods. The number of earbearing tiller branches and spikelets per panicle of secondary tillers and primary tillers in high earbearing leaf positions were fewer, so their panicles were small. Leaf 1 to leaf 4 in mechanized direct-seeding, leaf 3 to leaf 6 in mechanized transplanting and leaf positions of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 in artificial transplanting were the superior leaf positions. Their contributions to yield were 70.51%, 73.83% and 76.81%, respectively. The tillers group of superior leaf positions in each planting method had higher rates of tiller emerging and panicle formation, larger panicles and higher contribution to yield. Thus, we should optimize agronomic measures for tillers of superior leaf positions to increase yield potential.

Key words: Indica hybrid rice, Mechanized planting, Tillering characteristics, Superior leaf position, Earbearing tiller percentage

雷小龙,刘利,刘波,黄光忠,马荣朝,任万军. 杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(06): 1044-1055.

LEI Xiao-Long,LIU Li,LIU Bo,HUANG Guang-Zhong,MA Rong-Chao,REN Wan-Jun. Tillering Characteristics of Indica Hybrid Rice under Mechanized Planting[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(06): 1044-1055.

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