作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1814-1825.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01814
雷小龙,刘利,苟文,马荣朝*,任万军*
LEI Xiao-Long,LIU Li,GOU Wen,MA Rong-Chao*,REN Wan-Jun*
摘要:
为探讨机械化播栽方式对杂交籼稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响,以F优498为材料,在大田进行了以种植方式为主区、穴苗数为副区的裂区试验,种植方式包括机直播、机插和手插3种,穴苗数分低苗和高苗2个处理。在齐穗后30 d,调查植株茎鞘物理性状、力学和抗倒伏特性,并分析茎鞘性状与抗倒伏特性的相关性。结果表明: (1)不同种植方式之间水稻倒伏指数差异极显著,手插稻最低,机插稻最高,机直播稻介于二者之间。这种差异主要与节间折断弯矩有关,N1–N4节间折断弯矩与节间粗度和厚度、秆型指数、比茎重、节间干重、断面模数和弯曲应力都呈显著或极显著正相关,与节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关;基部节间的植株折断弯矩变异较小,且低位节间的弯曲力矩显著高于高位节间,这是水稻植株基部第1、第2节间易倒伏的主要原因。(2)手插稻基部节间短,茎粗壁厚,秆型指数、茎鞘充实度和弯曲应力高,最终表现为植株折断弯矩和抗倒伏能力强;机插稻群体大,个体生长受抑制,倒伏指数大。为构建合理的群体结构,以机械化播栽稻每穴3~4苗、手插稻每穴2苗,有利于相对实现高产与抗倒的协调。
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