作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1853-1863.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01853
李法计1,徐学欣2,肖永贵1,何中虎1,3,王志敏2,*
LIFa-Ji1,XUXue-Xin2,XIAOYong-Gui1,HEZhong-Hu1,3,WANGZhi-Min2,*
摘要:
本研究旨在了解我国黄淮和北部冬麦区不同施氮量和施氮模式对氮高效吸收和利用的影响,以及中麦175和京冬17产量对不同施氮处理的响应。2013—2014和2014—2015连续两年在河北吴桥和北京顺义两地种植两品种,观测不同施氮量和基追比处理下,冬小麦的群体特性、产量相关性状,以及氮素吸收效率(NUpE)和氮素利用效率(NUtE)。在吴桥点设0、60+0、120+0、120+60、120+120、120+180 kg hm?2 (基肥+拔节肥) 6个处理,在顺义点仅设前5个处理。在总施氮量0~240 kg hm?2 (吴桥)和0~180 kg hm?2 (顺义)范围内,随施氮量增加,归一化植被指数(NDVI)和气冠温差(CTD)提高,群体总粒数和成熟期生物量增加,进而产量提高;但继续增加施氮量会导致粒重、开花前干物质向籽粒转运量、转运率、对籽粒贡献率、收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮素吸收和利用效率降低。在不同施氮水平下,中麦175的产量和稳定性均优于京冬17,表现出穗数多、穗粒重稳定性好、群体活力持久、生物量和收获指数高、花前干物质积累量高和花后干物质转运能力强、氮素吸收效率高,这可能是其高产高效的重要基础。考虑到产量回报和经济效益,推荐中麦175和京冬17在黄淮麦区(北片)施氮量为180~240 kg hm?2,在北部冬麦区施氮量为120~180 kg hm?2。灌浆中后期,NDVI和CTD与穗数、产量和生物量相关性高,可作为快速评价品种氮肥敏感性的指标。
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