光、氮及其互作对玉米氮素吸收利用和物质生产的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01844

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玉米单交种豫玉22为材料，设置2个光照处理和3个氮肥水平，研究光、氮及其互作下玉米酶活性、干物质生产和产量变化特征及其对玉米氮素吸收利用和物质生产的影响。结果表明，弱光胁迫下玉米叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性降低，植株和籽粒氮积累量下降；干物质积累量显著降低；果穗穗长、行粒数和穗粒数减少，导致产量显著降低。但弱光胁迫下增施氮肥可以提高叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性，增加干物质积累量，穗长、行粒数和穗粒数增加，产量显著提高，并且随施氮量的增多，产量增加效果也越显著。可见，光、氮及其互作对玉米氮素吸收利用及物质生产具有显著影响，弱光胁迫条件下增施氮肥可以部分缓解其致害效应，减少玉米产量损失。

关键词: 玉米, 氮肥水平, 弱光胁迫, 产量, 氮代谢, 物质生产

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted using maize cultivar Yuyu 22 with three nitrogen levels (N1: 0 kg ha^-1, N2: 120 kg ha^-1, N3: 240 kg ha^-1) and two light conditions (L1: no shading, L2: shading 14 days from the third day before tasseling) to study the effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on nitrogen absorption and utilization, matter production of maize in 2012 and 2013. Compared with L1 treatment, L2 not only reduced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in ear leaf and nitrogen accumulation in plant and grain, but also significantly reduced dry matter accumulation and declined the length of ear, kernels per row and kernels per ear, resulting in the final grain yield reduced significantly. However under L2, with increasing nitrogen application level, the activities of NR and GS in ear leaf improved and ear length, kernels per row and kernels per ear increased significantly, the grain yield eventually improved significantly. This indicates that there are significant effects of light, nitrogen and their interaction on matter production , nitrogen absorption and utilization of maize, and that nitrogen fertilizer could partially offset the impact of low-light stress on the matter production and yield of maize.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen levels, Low-light stress, Yield, Nitrogen absorption and utilization, Matter production

宋航,周卫霞,袁刘正,靳英杰,李鸿萍,杨艳,尤东玲,李潮海*. 光、氮及其互作对玉米氮素吸收利用和物质生产的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(12): 1844-1852.

SONG Hang,ZHOU Wei-Xia,JIN Ying-Jie,LI Hong-Ping,YANG Yan,YOU Dong-Ling,LI Chao-Hai*. Effects of Light, Nitrogen and Their Interaction on Nitrogen Absorption, Utilization and Matter Production of Maize[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(12): 1844-1852.

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