欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1834-1843.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01834

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

拔节期补灌对两种土壤质地上冬小麦旗叶衰老特性和籽粒产量的影响

宋兆云,赵阳,王东*,谷淑波   

  1. 山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-29 修回日期:2016-07-27 出版日期:2016-12-12 网络出版日期:2016-09-18
  • 通讯作者: 王东, E-mail: wangd@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8240096
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271660), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)和山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(2014–2016)资助。

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation at Jointing on Flag Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Grown in Two Soil Textures

SONG Zhao-Yun,ZHAO Yang,WANG Dong*,GU Shu-Bo   

  1. Shandong Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai’an 271018, China?
  • Received:2016-01-29 Revised:2016-07-27 Published:2016-12-12 Published online:2016-09-18
  • Contact: 王东, E-mail: wangd@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8240096
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271660), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201503130), and the Key Innovation Project on Agriculture Applied Technology from Shandong Provincial Government (2014–2016).

RichHTML

PDF

839

被引次数

4

摘要：

为明确不同质地土壤条件下，拔节期补灌对冬小麦旗叶衰老特性、光合速率、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响，2013—2014和2014—2015冬小麦生长季，在粉壤土和沙壤土地块进行补灌试验，以全生育期不灌水处理(D0)为对照，设4个灌水处理，分别是拔节期目标湿润层为0~10 (D1)、0~20 (D2)、0~30 (D3)和0~40 cm (D4)，目标相对含水量均为100%，4个灌水处理开花期补灌水量均以0~20 cm土层相对含水量达100%为目标。结果显示，随目标湿润层深度增加，两种质地土壤地块小麦拔节期补灌水量均明显增加，开花期补灌水量变化较小。随拔节期灌水量的增大，开花后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、旗叶光合速率均呈升高趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势；粉壤土条件下D3与D4无显著差异，沙壤土条件下D2、D3和D4处理间无显著差异。随着拔节期目标湿润层深度的增加，两种土壤质地的麦田耗水量和籽粒产量均呈增加趋势，D4与D3处理间籽粒产量无显著差异；而水分利用效率则呈先升后降趋势，D4显著低于D3或D2处理。在本试验条件下，根据某一深度土层土壤饱和水亏缺量进行补灌，无论是粉壤土还是沙壤土，拔节期均以补灌至0~30 cm土层相对含水量达100%为最佳，有利于延缓旗叶衰老，提高光合速率，并可获得较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 冬小麦, 土壤质地, 补灌, 旗叶, 籽粒产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to understand supplemental irrigation on flag leaf senescence, photosynthetic rate, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in different soil-texture fields. The experiment was carried out in powder- and sandy-loam plots in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. Four irrigation treatments and the zero-irrigation control (D0) were designed to determine the optimal wetting soil depth at jointing stage. Variant amounts of water were supplied at jointing stage for 100% relative water content in 0–10 (D1), 0–20 (D2), 0–30 (D3), and 0–40 cm (D4) soil layers. All irrigation treatments were watered again at anthesis stage for 100% relative water content in the 0–20 cm soil layer. In both powder-loam and sandy-loam plots,the irrigation amount at jointing stage increased obviously with the planed depth of wetting layer, whereas the irrigation amount at anthesis stage varied slightly among treatments. After flowering, the soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves showed an increasing trend in response to the increased irrigation amount at jointing stage, in contrast, the malondialdehyde content in flag leaves had a declined trend. In the powder-loam plot, there was no significant difference between D3 and D4. In the sand-loam plot, there was no significant difference among D2, D3 and D4 treatment. In both soil-texture plots, the deeper soil moisturized at jointing resulted in increased water consumption and grain yield of wheat, and no significant difference was found between D3 and D4. However, WUE in D4 treatment was significantly lower than that in D2 or D3 treatment. Our results suggest that the quantity of supplementary irrigation at jointing stage is determined by soil water condition, and 0–30 cm soil layer with 100% field capacity at jointing stage is the optimal standard under the experimental condition. Besides, keeping 0–20 cm soil layer with 100% field capacity at anthesis by a small amount irrigation is also important. This irrigation regime has the advantages of late senescence, enhanced photosynthesis, and finally increased yield and WUE in both powder-loam and sand-loam fields.

Key words: Winter wheat, Soil texture, Supplemental irrigation, Flag leaf, Grain yield, Water use efficiency

[1] 刘愿英, 代世伟, 范永贵, 万亮婷. 我国灌区农业水资源可持续利用问题探讨. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(6): 157–162
Liu Y Y, Dai S W, Fan Y G, Wan L T. Research on sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in certain irrigation areas in China.Agric Res Arid Areas, 2007, 25(6): 157–162 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 李幸珍. 农业水资源的合理利用分析. 黑龙江水利科技, 2015, 43(1): 191–193
Li X Z. The analysis of rational use of agricultural water resources.Heilongjiang Sci&Technol Water Conserv, 2015, 43(1): 191–193 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] Huo Z L, Feng S Y, Huang G H, Zheng Y Y, Wang Y H, Guo P. Effect of groundwater level depth and irrigation amount on water fluxes at the groundwater table and water use of wheat. Irrig& Drainage, 2012, 61: 348–356
[4] Li Q Q, Dong B D, Qiao Y Z, Liu M Y, Zhang J W. Root growth, available soil water, and water-use efficiency of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes applied at different growth stages in North China. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 1676–1682
[5] 孙宏勇, 张喜英, 陈素英, 邵立威, 王艳哲, 刘克桐. 亏缺灌溉对冬小麦生理生态指标的影响及应用. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19: 1086–1090
Sun H Y, Zhang X Y, Chen S Y, Shao LW,Wang Y Z, Liu K T. Effects of deficit irrigation on physio-ecological indices of winter wheat.Chin J Eco-Agric, 2011, 19: 1086–1090 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 秦欣, 刘克, 周丽丽, 周顺利, 鲁来清, 王润政. 华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作节水体系周年水分利用特征. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 4014–4024
Qin X, Liu K, Zhou L L, Zhou S L, Lu Q L, Wang R Z. Characteristics of annual water utilization in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China Plain.SciAgric Sin, 2012, 45: 4014–4024 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] Wang D, Yu ZW, Philip JW. The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain ?lling in wheat.Field Crops Res, 2013, 151: 35–44
[8] Guo Z J, Yu Z W, Wang D, Shi Y, Zhang Y L. Photosynthesis and winter wheat yield responses to supplemental irrigation based on measurement of water content in various soil layers. Field Crops Res, 2014, 166: 102–111
[9] 解文艳, 樊贵盛. 土壤质地对土壤入渗能力的影响. 太原理工大学学报, 2004, 35: 537–540
Xie W Y, Fan G S. Influence of soil structure on infiltration characteristics in field soils.J Taiyuan UnivTechnol, 2004, 35: 537–540 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 贾芳, 樊贵盛. 土壤质地与田间持水率关系的研究. 山西水土保持科技, 2007, (3): 17–19
Jia F, Fan G S. The study of the Relationship between soil texture and water-holding capacity.Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi, 2007, (3): 17–19 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 熊毅, 李庆逵. 中国土壤. 北京: 科学出版社, 1978. pp 329–335
Xiong Y, Li Q K. China Soil. Beijing: Science Press, 1978. pp 329–335 (in Chinese)
[12] 山东农业大学. 小麦专用微喷带: 中国专利号: 201220356553.7. 2013-02-06
Shandong Agricultural University. Micro-sprinkling hose special for wheat.Chinese Patent, No. 201220356553.7. 2013-02-06 (in Chinese)
[13] 秦耀东. 土壤物理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003. p 7
Qin Y D. Soil Physics. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003. p 7 (in Chinese)
[14] 刘增进, 李宝萍, 李远华, 崔远来. 冬小麦水分利用效率与最优灌溉制度的研究. 农业工程学报, 2004, 20(4): 58–63
Liu Z J, Li B P, Li Y H, Cui Y L. Research on the water use efficiency and optimal irrigation schedule of the winter wheat.Trans CSAE, 2004, 20(4): 58–63 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assay and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem, 1971, 44: 276–287
[16] Tan W, Liu J, Dai T, Jing Q, Cao W, Jiang D. Alternations in photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in winter wheat subjected to post-anthesis water-logging. Photosynthetica, 2008, 46: 21–27
[17] Quan R D, Shang M, Zhang H, Zhao Y X, Zhang J R. Improved chilling tol-erance by transformation with beta gene for the enhancement of glycinebetaine synthesis in maize. Plant Sci, 2004, 166: 141–149
[18] Read S M, Northcote D H. Minimization of variation in the response to different protein of the Coomassic blue G dye binding assay for protein. Anal Biochem, 1981, 116: 53–64
[19] Sepaskhah A R, Tagafteh A. Yield and nitrogen leaching in rapeseed field under different nitrogen rates and water saving irrigation. Agric Water Manag, 2012, 112: 55–62
[20] 李潮海, 李胜利, 王群, 侯松, 荆棘. 不同质地土壤对玉米根系生长动态的影响. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37: 1334–1340
Li C H, Li S L, Wang Q, Hou S, Jing J. Effect of different textural soils on root dynamic growth in corn. SciAgric Sin, 2004, 37: 1334–1340 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 马兴华, 王东, 于振文, 王西芝, 许振柱. 不同施氮量下灌水量对小麦耗水特性和氮素分配的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30: 1955–1965
Ma X H, Wang D, Yu Z W, Wang X Z, Xu Z Z. Effect of irrigation regimes on water consumption characteristics and nitrogen distribution in wheat at different nitrogen applications. ActaEcol Sin, 2010, 30: 1955–1965 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 孙旭生, 林琪, 李玲燕, 赵长星, 刘义国. 补灌对旱地小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30: 106–110
Sun X S, Lin Q, Li L Y, Zhao C X, LiuY G. Effect of supplementary irrigation on the nitrogen Metabolism at later developing stages and yield of high-yield wheat in dry land.J Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30: 106–110 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 戴忠民, 李妍, 张红, 王丽燕, 张秀玲, 李勇, 王振林. 不同灌溉处理对小麦花后氮素积累和转运的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35: 1712–1718
Dai Z M, LiY, Zhang H, Wang L Y, Zhang X L, Li Y, Wang Z L. Effects of different irrigation treatments on nitrogen accumulation and translocation after anthesis in wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35: 1712–1718 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 王德梅, 于振文. 灌溉量和灌溉时期对小麦耗水特性和产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19: 1965–1970
Wang D M, Yu Z W. Efects of irrigation amount and stage on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat. Chin J ApplEcol, 2008, 19: 1965–1970 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 季志恒, 樊福来. 土壤水消退的时空变化规律分析. 水文, 2003, 23(1): 23–27
Ji Z H, Fan F L. Analysis on the law of temporal and spatial variation for soil moisture subsiding. Hydrology, 2003, 23(1): 23–27 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] Gifford R M, Evans L T. Photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and yield. Ann Rev Plant Biol, 1981, 32: 548–569
[27] 徐恒永, 赵君实. 高产冬小麦的冠层光合能力及不同器官的贡献. 作物学报, 1995, 21: 204–209
Xu H J, Zhao J S. Canopy photosynthesis capacity and contribution from different organs in high yielding winter wheat.ActaAgron Sin, 1995, 21: 204–209 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] Ziaei A N, Sepaskhah A R. Model for simulation of winter wheat yield under dryland and irrigated conditions. Agric Water Manag, 2003, 58: 1−17
[29] 赵长星, 马东辉, 王月福, 林琪. 施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶衰老及粒重的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19: 2388–2393
Zhao C X, Ma D H, Wang Y F, Lin Q. Effects of nitrogen application rate and post-anthesis soil moisture content on the flag leaf senescence and kernel weight of wheat. Chin J ApplEcol, 2008, 19: 2388–2393 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] 郭星宇, 刘朋召, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 旱地冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡对降水年型与施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272.
[2] 王洋洋, 贺利, 任德超, 段剑钊, 胡新, 刘万代, 郭天财, 王永华, 冯伟. 基于主成分-聚类分析的不同水分冬小麦晚霜冻害评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 448-462.
[3] 方彦杰, 张绪成, 侯慧芝, 于显枫, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(6): 1149-1161.
[4] 郑迎霞, 陈杜, 魏鹏程, 卢平, 杨锦越, 罗上轲, 叶开梅, 宋碧. 种植密度对贵州春玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(4): 738-751.
[5] 史梦霞, 张佳笑, 石晓宇, 褚庆全, 陈阜, 雷永登. 近20年河北省几种高耗水作物的水分利用效率分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2450-2458.
[6] 张矞勋, 齐拓野, 孙源, 璩向宁, 曹媛, 吴梦瑶, 刘春虹, 王磊. 高分六号遥感影像植被特征及其在冬小麦苗期LAI反演中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2532-2540.
[7] 胡鑫慧, 谷淑波, 朱俊科, 王东. 分期施钾对不同质地土壤麦田冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267.
[8] 周宝元, 葛均筑, 孙雪芳, 韩玉玲, 马玮, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853.
[9] 张绪成, 马一凡, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 方彦杰, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旋耕深度对西北黄土高原旱作区土壤水分特性和马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(1): 138-148.
[10] 雒文鹤, 师祖姣, 王旭敏, 李军, 王瑞. 节水减氮对土壤硝态氮分布和冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6): 924-936.
[11] 马明生, 郭贤仕, 柳燕兰. 全生物降解地膜覆盖对旱地土壤水分状况及春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1933-1944.
[12] 方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旱地立式深旋耕方式下有机肥替代对饲用玉米耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1958-1969.
[13] 马艳明, 冯智宇, 王威, 张胜军, 郭营, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007.
[14] 马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 陈朝燕, 肖菁, 徐麟, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1539-1556.
[15] 张力,陈阜,雷永登. 近60年河北省冬小麦干旱风险时空规律[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(9): 1407-1415.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2