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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 357-368.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00357

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

普通菜豆种质资源不同环境下表型差异及生态适应性评价

王兰芬1(), 武晶1, 王昭礼2, 陈吉宝3, 余莉2, 王强4, 王述民1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京 100081,
    2贵州省毕节市农业科学研究所, 贵州毕节 551700,
    3南阳师范学院, 河南南阳 473061,
    4黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种所, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150000
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-27 接受日期:2017-11-21 出版日期:2018-03-12 网络出版日期:2017-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 王述民
  • 作者简介:

    wanglanfen@caas.cn

  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08), 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目, 国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(NICGR2017-006), 农作物种质资源保护与利用专项(NWB036-07)和引进国际先进农业科学技术计划项目(2016-X16)资助

Adaptability and Phenotypic Variations of Agronomic Traits in Common Bean Germplasm Resources in Different Environments

Lan-Fen WANG1(), Jing WU1, Zhao-Li WANG2, Ji-Bao CHEN3, Li YU2, Qiang WANG4, Shu-Min WANG1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081,China
    2 Bijie Agricultural Science Institute, Bijie 551700, Guizhou, China
    3 Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China
    4 Institute of Crop Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2017-04-27 Accepted:2017-11-21 Published:2018-03-12 Published online:2017-12-11
  • Contact: Shu-Min WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-09), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Infrastructure for Crop Germplasm Resources (NICGR2017-006), Protection and Utilization for Crop Germplasm Resources (NWB036-07), and the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology (2016-X6).

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摘要：

2014—2015年在黑龙江哈尔滨、河南南阳、贵州毕节和海南乐东,对686份普通菜豆种质资源的表型鉴定, 旨在明确不同环境下普通菜豆种质资源的12个表型变异及生态适应性, 遴选特异资源, 提高繁种及种质创新的效率。结果表明, 乐东是南美洲普通菜豆种质资源良好的繁育基地, 而毕节是国内普通菜豆种质资源较好的繁育基地。参试群体内不同的种质资源间表型差异明显, 4个试点平均各性状变异系数介于8.11%~70.83%之间, 其中株高的差异最大, 变异系数为70.83%。百粒重的遗传力最大, 为0.73; 遗传力最小的性状是播种至开花时间, 仅为0.01。性状间的相关性及通径分析表明, 单株荚数对单株产量的贡献最大。遴选出具有矮秆、大粒、早熟等特性的种质218份, 其中, 9份同时具有3种特异性状, 53份同时具有2种特异性状。

关键词: 普通菜豆, 种质资源, 生态适应性, 表型鉴定, 遗传力, 相关性分析, 通径分析

Abstract:

This study aimed at evaluating the phenotypic variation and environmental adaptability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm resources. Twelve traits of 686 accessions of common bean were assessed in Harbin of Heihongjiang province, Nanyang of Henan province, Bijie of Guizhou province and Ledong of Hainan province in 2014-2015. The results showed that Ledong was the best location for the reproduction of germplasm resources from South America and Bijie was the best location for the reproduction of Chinese germplasm resources. There were large variations in the 12 traits among the 686 common bean germplasm resources and the average (across locations) coefficients of variation ranged from 8.11% of growth duration to 70.83% of plant height. Hundred-seed weight showed the highest heritability of 0.73, whereas days from sowing to flowering showed the lowest one of 0.01. The correlation and path analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor affecting the yield per plant. Two hundred and eighteen specific germplasm resources were identified with dwarf, large-seed, and early maturity and so on, among which nine had three favorable traits and 53 had two favorable traits simultaneously.

Key words: common bean, germplasm resource, environmental adaptation, phenotypic evaluation, heritability, correlation analysis, path analysis

表1

材料来源"

中国种质来源
Origin of domestic germplasm		 份数
No.		 引进种质来源
Origin of alien germplasm		 份数
No.
中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China 86 阿根廷 Argentina 38
中国山西 Shanxi, China 66 巴西 Brazil 38
中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China 63 国际热带农业研究中心 CIAT 37
中国贵州 Guizhou, China 56 哥伦比亚 Columbia 18
中国吉林 Jilin, China 42 法国 France 8
中国云南 Yunnan, China 37 墨西哥 Mexico 8
中国湖北 Hubei, China 34 美国 America 5
中国陕西 Shaanxi, China 33 秘鲁 Peru 4
中国四川 Sichuan, China 25 危地马拉 Guatemala 3
中国甘肃 Gansu, China 21 保加利亚 Bulgaria 2
中国河北 Hebei, China 11 玻利维亚 Bolivia 2
中国北京 Beijing, China 10 多米尼加共和国 Dominican Republic 1
中国山东 Shandong, China 9 厄瓜多尔 Ecuador 1
中国新疆 Xinjiang, China 6 海地 Haiti 1
中国湖南 Hunan, China 2 加拿大 Canada 1
中国江苏 Jiangsu, China 1 葡萄牙 Portugal 1
中国辽宁 Liaoning, China 1 委内瑞拉 Venezuela 1
中国台湾 Taiwan, China 1 英国 UK 1
中国西藏 Xizang, China 1 赞比亚 Zambia 1
中国海南 Hainan, China 1 智利 Chile 1
不详 Unknown 1 不详 Unknown 7
合计 Total 507 合计 Total 179

表2

4个试点的日照时数和温度概况及686份普通菜豆的结实情况"

地点
Location		 播种-收获日期Sowing-harvest date (month/day) 日照时长
Sunshine hours (h)		 日最高温度
Daily max. temp. (°C)		 日最低温度
Daily min. temp. (°C)
平均值
Mean		 最大值Max. 最小值Min. 平均值
Mean		 最大值Max. 最小值Min. 平均值
Mean		 最大值Max. 最小值Min.
哈尔滨 Harbin 5/23-9/30 14.47 15.72 11.77 26.0 37 10 16.0 24 -2
南阳 Nanyang 4/30-8/31 13.88 14.32 12.88 30.0 38 21 21.2 28 11
毕节 Bijie 4/21-9/22 13.33 13.85 12.13 24.1 31 13 16.3 21 9
乐东 Ledong 11/19-2/23 11.11 11.63 10.59 26.3 32 19 16.1 23 8
种质材料份数 No. of accessions 结实率
Seed setting rate (%)
未出苗Emergence-failed 幼苗死亡
Seedling-died		 未开花
Bloom-failed		 未成熟
Immature		 正常结实
Fertile
哈尔滨 Harbin 6 10 45 16 609 88.78
南阳 Nanyang 0 6 69 46 565 82.36
毕节 Bijie 9 7 2 39 629 91.69
乐东 Ledong 2 1 0 0 683 99.56

表3

686份普通菜豆材料12个农艺性状在4个试点的变异"

性状
Trait		 地点
Location		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 遗传力Heritability
播种至出苗时间
Days from sowing to
emergence (d)		 哈尔滨 Harbin — — — — — —
南阳 Nanyang 9.00 14.00 12.19 0.96 7.92
毕节 Bijie 17.00 23.00 20.38 0.97 4.74
乐东 Ledong 7.00 13.00 7.80 0.91 11.68
播种至开花时间
Days from sowing to
flowering (d)		 哈尔滨 Harbin 33.00 82.00 48.72 11.78 24.18 0.01
南阳 Nanyang 33.00 89.00 49.43 7.86 15.91
毕节 Bijie 45.00 80.00 56.33 7.49 13.29
乐东 Ledong 30.00 49.00 36.63 3.57 9.74
生育期 哈尔滨 Harbin 69.00 129.00 100.14 14.13 14.11 0.58
Growth duration (d) 南阳 Nanyang 63.00 122.00 88.79 5.89 6.63
毕节 Bijie 92.00 154.00 106.64 7.77 7.29
乐东 Ledong 67.00 99.00 80.41 6.22 7.74
株高 哈尔滨 Harbin 22.00 385.00 154.76 105.72 68.31 0.58
Plant height (cm) 南阳 Nanyang 14.29 376.14 133.20 81.75 61.37
毕节 Bijie 6.00 440.00 113.80 93.91 82.52
乐东 Ledong 18.00 280.00 79.12 56.28 71.13
主茎节数 哈尔滨 Harbin 2.00 27.20 6.52 5.86 89.90 0.28
Node number per plant 南阳 Nanyang — — — — —
毕节 Bijie 1.80 24.00 7.66 5.11 66.66
乐东 Ledong 3.40 32.67 13.20 5.16 39.10
主茎分枝数
Branch number per plant		 哈尔滨 Harbin 2.20 8.40 4.53 1.05 23.14 —
南阳 Nanyang 3.00 18.00 6.49 2.32 35.78
毕节 Bijie 1.00 5.00 1.86 0.57 30.85
乐东 Ledong 1.00 6.71 2.45 0.69 28.10
性状
Trait		 地点
Location		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 遗传力Heritability
单株荚数 哈尔滨 Harbin 3.90 177.00 32.32 18.86 58.35 0.09
Pod number per plant 南阳 Nanyang 0.10 94.00 20.23 17.58 86.93
毕节 Bijie 0.75 41.50 9.86 6.67 67.68
乐东 Ledong 1.80 44.50 12.29 6.26 50.93
荚长 哈尔滨 Harbin 4.72 18.58 10.96 2.28 20.80 0.53
Pod length (cm) 南阳 Nanyang 4.39 22.98 8.19 2.20 26.80
毕节 Bijie 4.44 21.00 10.15 2.37 23.39
乐东 Ledong 4.00 20.40 10.50 2.77 26.37
荚宽 哈尔滨 Harbin 6.20 19.80 9.94 1.84 18.53 0.67
Pod width (cm) 南阳 Nanyang 5.20 21.50 9.73 2.37 24.37
毕节 Bijie 5.60 21.00 10.44 1.91 18.33
乐东 Ledong 4.80 25.00 9.96 2.04 20.46
单荚粒数 哈尔滨 Harbin 2.60 10.00 5.67 1.26 22.22 0.30
Seed number per pod 南阳 Nanyang 0.70 7.50 3.69 1.17 31.63
毕节 Bijie 1.25 8.20 4.72 1.17 24.71
乐东 Ledong 1.40 9.60 5.12 1.06 20.66
单株产量 哈尔滨 Harbin 2.88 175.46 40.55 23.20 57.22
Yield per plant (g) 南阳 Nanyang — — — — — —
毕节 Bijie 0.30 48.86 9.67 6.74 69.63
乐东 Ledong 1.00 40.07 12.39 6.24 50.35
百粒重
Hundred-seed weight (g)		 哈尔滨 Harbin 10.80 90.00 35.08 13.14 37.46 0.73
南阳 Nanyang 4.00 56.90 28.34 9.06 31.98
毕节 Bijie 9.60 85.30 33.41 13.45 40.26
乐东 Ledong 4.10 87.50 32.48 14.78 45.52

表4

686份普通菜豆材料在4个试点农艺性状的相关系数"

表5

单株产量与其他性状相关系数的分解"

地点
Location		 性状
Trait		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 通径系数
Path
coefficient		 间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
PPL HGT HSW SPP MAT DFF PL 合计Total
哈尔滨 单株荚数PNP 0.637 0.691 — 0.091 -0.161 0.037 — -0.021 — -0.054
Harbin 株高PH 0.549 0.373 0.168 — -0.020 0.064 — -0.035 — 0.177
百粒重HSW -0.074 0.327 -0.341 -0.023 — -0.058 — 0.021 — -0.401
单荚粒数SNP 0.349 0.121 0.214 0.197 -0.157 — — -0.026 — 0.228
播种至开花时间DSF 0.213 -0.081 0.177 0.162 -0.083 0.039 — — — 0.295
毕节 单株荚数PNP 0.779 0.906 — — -0.180 0.071 — — -0.018 -0.109
Bijie 百粒重HSW -0.096 0.365 -0.447 — — -0.079 — — 0.047 -0.526
荚长PL 0.132 0.113 -0.140 — 0.153 0.004 — — — 0.017
单荚粒数SNP 0.388 0.124 0.523 — -0.232 — — — 0.004 0.290
乐东 单株荚数PNP 0.589 0.750 — — -0.227 0.065 0.092 -0.064 -0.027 -0.161
Ledong 百粒重HSW 0.103 0.468 -0.363 — — -0.103 0.005 0.045 0.051 -0.365
单荚粒数SNP 0.246 0.226 0.214 — -0.213 — 0.058 -0.058 0.019 0.020
生育期 GD 0.508 0.233 0.297 — 0.010 0.056 — -0.102 0.015 0.275
播种至开花时间DSF 0.300 -0.142 0.339 — -0.147 0.092 0.168 — -0.009 0.443
荚长PL 0.226 0.099 -0.203 — 0.239 0.043 0.035 0.013 — 0.127

表6

62份具有2种或3种特性的普通菜豆特异资源"

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