聚天门冬氨酸螯合氮肥减量基施对东北春玉米的增效机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2016年和2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所吉林公主岭试验站(43o29°55°°N, 124o48°43°°E), 以中单909为材料, 设置常规氮素(CN)和PASP螯合氮素(PASP-N)的不同施肥量全基施处理, 探讨东北春玉米PASP螯合氮素减量全基施的增效机制。结果表明, 相比CN, PASP-N在总施氮量减少1/3的条件下, 玉米增产0.9%~3.0%, 穗长增加0.5%~2.9%, 灌浆中期叶面积指数增大18.5%~22.3%, 秃尖长降低13.8%~46.7%, 株高及穗位高分别降低1.5%~2.5%和0.7%~8.4%。PASP-N处理下, 花期玉米功能叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性降低1.4%~19.8%, 花后30 d穗位叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性提高18.5%~33.1%, 花后20 d穗位叶谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性增高0.8%~6.4%。多项式曲线模拟结果表明, PASP-N和CN处理全基施最佳氮用量分别为185.3 kg hm ^-2和219.1 kg hm ^-2, PASP-N比CN少施氮肥33.8 kg hm ^-2, PASP-N产量比CN高108.9 kg hm ^-2。氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥生理效率分别比常规氮素处理增加51.3%~54.4%、2.9%~104.2%、28.9%~126.6%和48.0%~405.2%。因此, PASP螯合氮肥能促进东北春玉米籽粒灌浆中后期氮素代谢, 提高玉米氮肥利用效率。

关键词: PASP, 春玉米, 减氮, 氮肥利用率, 全基施

Abstract:

The randomized block field experiments were conducted using maize variety of Zhongdan 909 with different nitrogen treatments of polyaspartic acid chelating nitrogen fertilizer (PASP-N) and commonly used nitrogen fertilizer (CN) in Gongzhuling Experimental Station (43o29°55°°N, 124o48°43°°E) in Jilin province in 2016 and 2017. The PASP-N increased maize yield, ear length and leaf area index (LAI) by 0.9%-3.0%, 0.5%-2.9%, and 18.5%-22.3% respectively, and decreased bare top length, plant height and ear height by 13.8%-46.7%, 1.5%-2.5%, and 0.7%-8.4%, respectively, compared with CN. Moreover, PASP-N significantly influenced activity of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism: nitrate reductase (NR) activity decreased by 1.4%-19.8% at anthesis stage, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity increased by 18.5%-33.1% at 30 days after anthesis, and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity increased by 0.8%-6.4% at 20 days after anthesis. The total nitrogen inputs of PASP-N and CN for the highest maize yield were 185.3 kg ha ^-1 and 219.1 kg ha ^-1, respectively, with 108.9 kg ha ^-1 higher in PASP-N treatment than in CN treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, agronomic efficiency, apparent utilization and physiological efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in PASP-N treatment increased by 51.3%-54.4%, 2.9%-104.2%, 28.9%-126.6%, and 48.0%-405.2%, respectively, compared with these in CN treatments. In conclusion, PASP could enhance nitrogen metabolism during middle and late grain-filling stage, resulting in increased yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize.

Key words: PASP, spring maize, reduction of nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency, one-time basic fertilizer application

唐会会,许艳丽,王庆燕,马正波,李光彦,董会,董志强. 聚天门冬氨酸螯合氮肥减量基施对东北春玉米的增效机制[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(3): 431-442.

Hui-Hui TANG,Yan-Li XU,Qing-Yan WANG,Zheng-Bo MA,Guang-Yan LI,Hui DONG,Zhi-Qiang DONG. Increasing spring maize yield by basic application of PASP chelating nitrogen fertilizer in northeast China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(3): 431-442.

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处理 Treatment		基施氮肥用量 Basic application amount of nitrogen (kg hm^-2)
不施肥 No fertilizer	CK	0
常规氮肥 Conventional N fertilizer	CN1	112.5
	CN2	225.0
	CN3	337.5
PASP螯合氮肥 N fertilizer coupled with PASP	PASP-N1	75.0
	PASP-N2	150.0
	PASP-N3	225.0

处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length (cm)	秃尖长 Bare tip length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
CK	19.3±1.2 bc	1.6±0.7 ab	45.5±1.7 b	588.1±57.4 b	273.0±15.2 ab
CN1	19.9±0.9 ab	1.2±0.4 ab	48.0±1.4 a	600.6±39.2 a	277.4±18.1 a
CN2	19.2±1.1 c	0.8±0.8 b	49.2±1.4 a	600.0±61.0 a	267.2±11.6 b
CN3	19.9±1.1 ab	2.0±1.1 a	49.0±1.5 a	623.7±43.6 a	272.0±6.9 ab
PASP-N1	20.0±1.2 a	1.0±0.7 ab	48.9±2.0 a	606.6±45.5 a	276.7±14.0 a
PASP-N2	19.8±1.1 abc	1.5±0.7 ab	48.9±1.5 a	615.9±49.8 a	267.8±12.1 b
PASP-N3	20.0±1.0 a	1.0±0.7 ab	48.3±1.6 a	604.0±37.2 a	270.7±10.8 ab

处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	植株干物质积累Plant dry matter accumulation (g plant^-1)		收获指数 Harvest index
处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	花前Pre-silking	花后Post-silking	收获指数 Harvest index
CK	0	105.2±2.1 cd	156.6±33.5 c	0.6±0.1 ab
CN1	112.5	138.7±6.2 ab	191.7±7.3 bc	0.5±0.0 ab
CN2	225.0	152.1±10.8 a	216.4±11.0 b	0.6±0.0 ab
CN3	337.5	104.1±9.1 d	316.1±42.8 a	0.5±0.0 b
PASP-N1	75.0	124.2±15.7 b	206.7±12.1 b	0.6±0.0 a
PASP-N2	150.0	122.4±10.9 bc	218.1±25.3 b	0.5±0.0 ab
PASP-N3	225.0	132.4±10.9 b	180.8±27.2 bc	0.5±0.0 ab

处理 Treatment	施肥量 N application rate (kg hm^-2)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity from applied N (kg kg^-1)	氮肥农学效率Agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg kg^-1)	氮肥表观利用率 Recovery efficiency of applied N (%)	氮肥生理利用率 Physiological efficiency of applied N (kg kg^-1)
CN1	112.5	103.4±4.0 b	5.2±1.8 bc	0.6±0.1 bc	8.7±2.0 b
CN2	225.0	54.2±1.7 d	5.4±1.4 bc	0.6±0.1 bc	11.2±2.8 b
CN3	337.5	34.6±1.5 e	3.1±0.9 c	0.6±0.1 bc	3.3±1.6 c
PASP-N1	75.0	156.4±13.3 a	5.3±2.1 bc	1.3±0.0 a	4.0±1.5 c
PASP-N2	150.0	83.1±3.3 c	9.6±2.7 a	0.7±0.2 b	16.7±1.3 a
PASP-N3	225.0	53.4±2.4 d	6.3±1.1 b	0.4±0.1 c	16.5±2.2 a