作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 431-442.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83056
Hui-Hui TANG,Yan-Li XU,Qing-Yan WANG,Zheng-Bo MA,Guang-Yan LI,Hui DONG,Zhi-Qiang DONG()
摘要:
2016年和2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所吉林公主岭试验站(43o29°55°°N, 124o48°43°°E), 以中单909为材料, 设置常规氮素(CN)和PASP螯合氮素(PASP-N)的不同施肥量全基施处理, 探讨东北春玉米PASP螯合氮素减量全基施的增效机制。结果表明, 相比CN, PASP-N在总施氮量减少1/3的条件下, 玉米增产0.9%~3.0%, 穗长增加0.5%~2.9%, 灌浆中期叶面积指数增大18.5%~22.3%, 秃尖长降低13.8%~46.7%, 株高及穗位高分别降低1.5%~2.5%和0.7%~8.4%。PASP-N处理下, 花期玉米功能叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性降低1.4%~19.8%, 花后30 d穗位叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性提高18.5%~33.1%, 花后20 d穗位叶谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性增高0.8%~6.4%。多项式曲线模拟结果表明, PASP-N和CN处理全基施最佳氮用量分别为185.3 kg hm -2和219.1 kg hm -2, PASP-N比CN少施氮肥33.8 kg hm -2, PASP-N产量比CN高108.9 kg hm -2。氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥生理效率分别比常规氮素处理增加51.3%~54.4%、2.9%~104.2%、28.9%~126.6%和48.0%~405.2%。因此, PASP螯合氮肥能促进东北春玉米籽粒灌浆中后期氮素代谢, 提高玉米氮肥利用效率。
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