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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 556-565.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04107

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

全生育期鉴定筛选耐盐碱花生品种

闫彩霞1, 王娟1, 赵小波1, 宋秀霞2, 姜常松3, 孙全喜1, 苑翠玲1, 张浩1, 单世华1,*()   

  1. 1山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
    2菏泽市牡丹区农业农村局, 山东菏泽 274000
    3海阳市农业技术推广中心, 山东烟台 265100
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-14 接受日期:2020-09-13 出版日期:2021-03-12 网络出版日期:2020-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 单世华
  • 作者简介:E-mail: cxyan335@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    泰山学者特聘专家(ts201712080);农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养(13190194);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-04-02);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程资助(CXGC2016A01)

Identification and screening of saline-alkali tolerant peanut cultivars during whole growth stage

YAN Cai-Xia1, WANG Juan1, ZHAO Xiao-Bo1, SONG Xiu-Xia2, JIANG Chang-Song3, SUN Quan-Xi1, YUAN Cui-Ling1, ZHANG Hao1, SHAN Shi-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
    3Haiyang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai 265100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-05-14 Accepted:2020-09-13 Published:2021-03-12 Published online:2020-10-10
  • Contact: SHAN Shi-Hua
  • Supported by:
    Taishan Scholars Project(ts201712080);Outstanding Talents and Innovation Team in Agricultural Research(13190194);Shandong Agriculture Research System(SDAIT-04-02);Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science(CXGC2016A01)

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摘要：

为改善黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地种植结构, 扩大花生种植面积, 本研究以22个育成的花生品种(系)为材料, 测定了全生育期9个性状指标, 利用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等进行耐盐碱鉴定及耐盐碱指标筛选。结果表明, 盐碱胁迫显著降低花生成苗率, 明显抑制花生的生长发育和产量形成, 不同品种(系)间在9个鉴定指标上存在较大差异。相对单株产量和相对小区产量均与相对地上部干重、相对主茎高、相对侧枝长呈显著正相关, 相对小区产量与相对成苗率、相对地下部干重、相对单株产量显著正相关。全部材料可划分为4个耐盐碱级别, 其中高度耐盐碱7份(I级)、较耐盐碱11份(II级)、盐碱胁迫敏感3份(III级)、高度敏感1份(IV级)。筛选出花育9307、花育9312、花育9313、6P03、花育9305及花育6303等适于盐碱地种植的高产品种(系)。本研究表明, 相对地上部干重、相对主茎高、相对成苗率、相对单株产量、相对侧枝长、相对地下部干重可作为简单、直观的花生耐盐碱鉴定指标。

关键词: 花生, 全生育期, 耐盐碱, 高产, 鉴定

Abstract:

In order to improve the planting structure of coastal saline-alkali land and enlarge the growing area of peanut in the Yellow River Delta. A total of 22 peanut elite cultivars were tested in saline-alkali area of Dongying in 2016 and 2017. Nine trait indices were separately investigated for five randomly selected individuals during whole growth stage. Variance analysis, correlation analysis and clustering analysis were used to evaluate the saline-alkali tolerance of the materials and to screen saline-alkali tolerant indices. Variance analysis showed that the seedling rates of all cultivars had an obvious decrease compared with those of the control. The growth, development and yield formation were essentially inhibited by saline-alkali stress. There were great differences among tested materials based on nine identification indices. Correlation analysis indicated that RYP and RPY had a significantly positive correlation with RSDW, RMSH and RBL. Additionally, RPY was also obviously related to RSR, RRDW, and RYP. Based on the results of clustering analysis, tested materials were divided into four saline-alkali tolerance grades, in which seven belonged to high tolerant grade I, 11 to tolerant grade II, 3 to susceptible grade III and 1 to highly susceptible grade IV. Huayu 9307, Huayu 9312, Huayu 9313, 6P03, Huayu 9305 and Huayu 6303 could be widely grown in the coastal saline-alkali area as high yield cultivars. In conclusion, the results suggested that RSDW, RMSH, RSR, RYP, RBL, and RRDW could be taken as simple and intuitive indices in the identification of saline-alkali tolerant peanut genotypes.

Key words: peanut, whole growth period, saline-alkali tolerance, high-yield, identification

图1

2016-2017年试验进行期间广饶的月降雨量"

表1

试验地及正常地块土壤的理化性质"

指标
Index		 试验田Experimental field 正常地块
Normal field
结荚期Pod-setting stage 饱果期Pod-filling stage
pH 8.9 8.5 6.6
有机质Organic matter (%) 0.97 1.34 1.19
全氮Total N (%) 0.073 0.100 0.081
全钾Total K (%) 1.99 2.07 2.12
全磷Total P (mg kg-1) 682 772 975
有效磷Olsen-P (mg kg-1) 6.9 5.5 55.9
速效钾Available K (mg kg-1) 363.5 540.6 310.1
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolysable N (mg kg-1) 137.3 69.5 107.9
含盐量Salinity (‰) 2.253 2.093 1.093

表2

供试的22个花生品种(系)的亲本来源、品种类型及在正常栽培条件下的百果重"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 亲本
Parents		 百果重
100-pod weight (g)		 品种类型
Variety type
6P03 花85×营山大花生Hua 85×Yingshan peanut 270.2 大果Big-pod
6P09 花17×鲁花11 Hua 17×Luhua 11 279.3 大果Big-pod
花育6301 Huayu 6301 花育23×J11 Huayu 23×J11 150.6 小果Small-pod
花育6303 Huayu 6303 赣花1号×鲁花15 Ganhua 1×Luhua 15 260.5 小果Small-pod
花育6304 Huayu 6304 乡香×D16 Xiangxiang×D16 215.8 小果Small-pod
花育6306 Huayu 6306 花育20×J11 Huayu 20×J11 238.5 小果Small-pod
花育6307 Huayu 6307 赣花1号×海花1号Ganhua 1×Haihua 1 210.9 小果Small-pod
花育6312 Huayu 6312 花17×赣花1号Hua 17×Ganhua 1 207.8 小果Small-pod
花育6314 Huayu 6314 鲁花15×J11 Luhua 15×J11 248.0 小果Small-pod
花育71 Huayu 71 乡香×闽花10号Xiangxiang×Minhua 10 290.6 大果Big-pod
花育9301 Huayu 9301 海花1号×XW87 Haihua 1×XW87 298.5 大果Big-pod
花育9302 Huayu 9302 花98×罗江鸡窝Hua 98×Luojiangjiwo 283.2 大果Big-pod
花育9303 Huayu 9303 鲁花15×赣花1号Luhua 15×Ganhua 1 258.3 小果Small-pod
花育9305 Huayu 9305 花98×鲁花11 Hua 98×Luhua 11 282.7 大果Big-pod
花育9306 Huayu 9306 白沙1016×XW 84 Baisha 1016×XW 84 280.3 大果Big-pod
花育9307 Huayu 9307 费县爬蔓×花育22 Feixianpaman×Huayu 22 276.3 大果Big-pod
花育9308 Huayu 9308 花98×粤油551 Hua 98×Yueyou 551 282.6 大果Big-pod
花育9309 Huayu 9309 花育19×乡香Huayu 19×Xiangxiang 279.5 大果Big-pod
花育9310 Huayu 9310 8328-12×五莲大粒 8328-12×Wuliandali 284.3 大果Big-pod
花育9311 Huayu 9311 蓬莱半蔓×NcAc1 8016 Penglaibanman×NcAc1 8016 277.1 大果Big-pod
花育9312 Huayu 9312 花育23×花17 Huayu 23×Hua 17 302.6 大果Big-pod
花育9313 Huayu 9313 花育22×C76-16 Huayu 22×C76-16 278.9 大果Big-pod

表3

盐碱胁迫对22个花生品种(系)成苗率的影响"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 相对成苗率
RSR		 品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 相对成苗率
RSR
6P03 0.81 ab 花育9302 Huayu 9302 0.593 bcd
6P09 0.587 bcd 花育9303 Huayu 9303 0.757 abc
花育6301 Huayu 6301 0.703 abcd 花育9305 Huayu 9305 0.823 ab
花育6303 Huayu 6303 0.837 ab 花育9306 Huayu 9306 0.81 ab
花育6304 Huayu 6304 0.687 abcd 花育9307 Huayu 9307 0.88 a
花育6306 Huayu 6306 0.737 abcd 花育9308 Huayu 9308 0.51 cd
花育6307 Huayu 6307 0.83 ab 花育9309 Huayu 9309 0.743 abc
花育6312 Huayu 6312 0.643 abcd 花育9310 Huayu 9310 0.623 bcd
花育6314 Huayu 6314 0.703 abcd 花育9311 Huayu 9311 0.72 abcd
花育71 Huayu 71 0.59 bcd 花育9312 Huayu 9312 0.777 ab
花育9301 Huayu 9301 0.497 d 花育9313 Huayu 9313 0.747 abc

表4

盐碱胁迫对22个花生品种(系)农艺性状和产量性状的影响"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 相对主茎高
RMSH		 相对侧枝长
RBL		 相对地上部干重
RSDW		 相对地下部干重
RRDW		 相对单株产量
RYP		 相对百果重
100-RPW		 相对百仁重
100-RSW
6P03 1.013 defg 1 bcd 0.973 abc 0.663 bcde 0.947 a 0.933 abc 0.937 ab
6P09 0.84 ghij 0.767 fgh 0.83 cdef 0.747 abcd 0.807 abc 0.817 def 0.873 bc
花育6301 Huayu 6301 1.107 bcd 0.923 cde 0.8 cdef 0.897 a 0.833 abc 0.713 gh 0.853 bc
花育6303 Huayu 6303 1.033 cdef 0.96 bcde 1.023 ab 0.523 efgh 0.97 a 0.95 ab 0.983 a
花育6304 Huayu 6304 0.983 defgh 1.08 abc 0.787 def 0.837 ab 0.837 abc 0.783 efg 0.86 bc
花育6306 Huayu 6306 1.117 bcd 1.123 ab 0.737 ef 0.423 fgh 0.797 abc 0.913 abc 0.913 ab
花育6307 Huayu 6307 0.84 ghij 0.863 def 0.77 ef 0.403 gh 0.8 abc 0.653 h 0.757 d
花育6312 Huayu 6312 0.733 ijk 0.77 fgh 0.76 ef 0.643 cde 0.79 abc 0.787 efg 0.86 bc
花育6314 Huayu 6314 1.2 abc 1.107 ab 0.747 ef 0.7 bcde 0.707 abc 0.907 abc 0.917 ab
花育71 Huayu 71 0.927 efgh 0.963 bcde 0.79 def 0.527 efgh 0.763 abc 0.893 abcd 0.913 ab
品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 相对主茎高
RMSH		 相对侧枝长
RBL		 相对地上部干重
RSDW		 相对地下部干重
RRDW		 相对单株产量
RYP		 相对百果重
100-RPW		 相对百仁重
100-RSW
花育9301 Huayu 9301 0.81 hij 0.62 h 0.47 g 0.21 i 0.73 abc 0.897 abc 0.937 ab
花育9302 Huayu 9302 0.897 fghi 0.93 cde 0.67 f 0.743 abcd 0.823 abc 0.867 cd 0.88 bc
花育9303 Huayu 9303 0.637 k 0.697 gh 0.76 ef 0.53 efgh 0.573 c 0.817 def 0.9 abc
花育9305 Huayu 9305 0.993 defg 1.007 bcd 0.957 abcd 0.573 defg 0.86 ab 0.923 abc 0.903 abc
花育9306 Huayu 9306 0.69 jk 0.657 h 0.857 bcdef 0.443 fgh 0.64 bc 0.76 fg 0.817 cd
花育9307 Huayu 9307 1.227 ab 1.073 abc 0.96 abcd 0.933 a 0.85 abc 0.877 bcd 0.87 bc
花育9308 Huayu 9308 0.813 hij 0.833 efg 0.723 f 0.363 hi 0.807 abc 0.913 abc 0.89 abc
花育9309 Huayu 9309 1.093 bcde 1.057 abc 0.777 def 0.61 def 0.733 abc 0.867 cd 0.93 ab
花育9310 Huayu 9310 1.097 bcde 1.087 abc 0.92 abcde 0.803 abc 0.913 ab 0.93 abc 0.923 ab
花育9311 Huayu 9311 1.11 bcd 1.067 abc 0.79 def 0.437 fgh 0.787 abc 0.857 cde 0.933 ab
花育9312 Huayu 9312 1.297 a 1.203 a 0.957 abcd 0.917 a 0.877 ab 0.97 a 0.947 ab
花育9313 Huayu 9313 1.133 abcd 0.97 bcde 1.063 a 0.923 a 0.877 ab 0.907 abc 0.89 abc

表5

盐碱胁迫下22个花生基因型的小区产量及其耐盐碱指数"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 小区产量
PY (kg hm-2)		 相对小区产量
RPY		 品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 小区产量
PY (kg hm-2)		 相对小区产量
RPY
6P03 2487 ab 0.81 a 花育9302 Huayu 9302 2247 ab 0.627 abcd
6P09 2153 ab 0.59 abcd 花育9303 Huayu 9303 1647 b 0.503 cd
花育6301 Huayu 6301 2247 ab 0.783 ab 花育9305 Huayu 9305 2533 ab 0.717 abcd
花育6303 Huayu 6303 2380 ab 0.847 a 花育9306 Huayu 9306 2287 ab 0.66 abcd
花育6304 Huayu 6304 1687 b 0.59 abcd 花育9307 Huayu 9307 2980 a 0.813 a
花育6306 Huayu 6306 2000 ab 0.683 abcd 花育9308 Huayu 9308 1687 b 0.47 d
花育6307 Huayu 6307 1667 b 0.61 abcd 花育9309 Huayu 9309 2247 ab 0.687 abcd
花育6312 Huayu 6312 1800 b 0.657 abcd 花育9310 Huayu 9310 2267 ab 0.667 abcd
花育6314 Huayu 6314 2000 ab 0.713 abcd 花育9311 Huayu 9311 2180 ab 0.713 abcd
花育71 Huayu 71 2133 ab 0.583 abcd 花育9312 Huayu 9312 2713 ab 0.78 abc
花育9301 Huayu 9301 1780 b 0.523 bcd 花育9313 Huayu 9313 2600 ab 0.83 a

表6

盐碱胁迫下花生产量指标与其他耐盐碱指数相关性分析"

生育时期
Growth stage		 农艺性状指标
Tolerance index		 相对单株产量
RYP		 相对小区产量
RPY
苗期Seedling stage RSR 0.171 0.673**
结荚期Pod-setting stage RMSH 0.451* 0.702**
RBL 0.512* 0.550**
RRDW 0.576** 0.743**
RSDW 0.412 0.538*
饱果期Pod-filling stage RYP 1.000 0.594**
100-RPW 0.393 0.271
100-RSW 0.302 0.265

图2

基于全生育期9个耐盐碱指数的供试花生材料的聚类分析 I、II、III、IV表示不同耐盐碱级别。"

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