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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2501-2510.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03068

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于地貌分区的近30年中国粮食生产空间分异研究

王凯澄(), 韩桐, 臧华栋, 陈阜, 薄晓智, 褚庆全*()   

  1. 中国农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部农作制度重点实验室, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-14 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-12-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 褚庆全
  • 作者简介:E-mail: s20203010006@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300201)

Spatial distribution of Chinese grain production in the past 30 years based on geomorphological division

WANG Kai-Cheng(), HAN Tong, ZANG Hua-Dong, CHEN Fu, BO Xiao-Zhi, CHU Qing-Quan*()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2020-11-14 Accepted:2021-04-26 Published:2021-12-12 Published online:2021-06-04
  • Contact: CHU Qing-Quan
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300201)

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摘要：

研究并揭示中国粮食生产时空变化特征及其与耕地等农业资源的匹配性, 对于合理利用土地和提高土地综合生产能力, 保障国家粮食安全和生态安全具有重要意义。本文采用ArcGIS空间分析方法, 利用1985—2015年中国县域粮食生产数据, 定量分析了基于地貌分区的中国粮食生产时空分异特征。结果表明: (1) 1985—2015年, 平原区以占全国22.9%的国土面积生产了平均占全国42.7%的粮食, 其次为山地、台地、丘陵, 分别占全国的25.5%、17.2%、14.7%, 且粮食生产有向平原和台地集中的趋势, 近30年平原区粮食产量集中度上升了3.8%, 而山地下降了4.4%。(2) 在4种地貌分区中, 平原区近30年平均生产水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆占比30.6%、63.3%、46.9%和40.7%的, 而山地生产马铃薯达到了54.1%。水稻、小麦、玉米三大粮食作物的生产均呈现向平原集中的趋势, 而大豆和马铃薯在丘陵、山地的集中度增加。(3) 近30年不同地貌分区的粮食产量变化差异要大于播种面积变化差异, 不同地貌分区的粮食生产差异加大。因此, 在未来进行区域作物布局优化以及制定区域粮食生产技术策略方面, 不仅要考虑到气候资源、社会经济条件的变化, 也要考虑地形地貌的变化和其对农机、土壤耕作等技术的不同需求。

关键词: 粮食生产, 空间分异, 地貌分区, 集中度, 中国

Abstract:

Revealing the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of grain production in China and its matching with arable land and agricultural resources was of great significance to rationally utilize land and improve the comprehensive land production capacity of land, and guarantee the national food security and ecological security. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese grain production based on geomorphological division using the grain production data of county regions via ArcGIS spatial analysis method from 1985 to 2015 in China. The results were as follows: (1) From 1985 to 2015, the plain areas produced an average of 42.7% of the country’s grain with 22.9% of the country’s land area. It was followed by mountains, terraces, and hills, accounting for 25.5%, 17.2%, and 14.7% of the country’s grain on average, respectively. In addition, grain production tended to be concentrated in plain and platform areas. In the past 30 years, the grain production concentration in plain areas had increased by 3.8%, while that in mountainous areas had decreased by 4.4%. (2) In the four geomorphological divisions, the average production of rice, wheat, maize, and soybean in the plain area accounted for 30.6%, 63.3%, 46.9%, and 40.7% in recent 30 years, while potato production in the mountainous areas reached 54.1%. The production of rice, wheat, and maize all showed a tendency to concentrate in the plain areas, while the concentration of soybean and potato in the hills and mountain was increased. (3) In the past 30 years, the magnitude of the change for grain production among different geomorphological divisions was greater than that of planting area, and the variation of grain production in difference geomorphological divisions increased. In conclusion, in the future optimization of regional crop layout and the formulation of regional grain production technology strategy, not only the change of climate resources and social and economic conditions should be considered, but also the change of terrain and landform and their different requirements for agricultural machinery, soil tillage, and other technologies should be taken into account.

Key words: grain production, spatial distribution, geomorphological division, concentration, China

图1

中国地貌分区 中国地貌分区图来源于中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心的资源环境数据云平台(http://www.resdc.cn/)。"

图2

1985-2015年不同地貌类型中国粮食播种面积及产量变化 Ap、At、Ah、Am分别表示平原、台地、丘陵、山地的粮食播种面积; Pp、Pt、Ph、Pm分别表示平原、台地、丘陵、山地的粮食产量。"

表1

1985-2015年中国不同地貌类型粮食播种面积及产量集中度"

地貌类型
Geomorphic types		 国土面积比重
Proportion of land area
(%)		 不同年份粮食播种面积及产量集中度
Grain planting area and production concentration in different years (%)
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1985-2015
平原
Plain		 22.9 AC 39.8 39.4 38.7 38.1 37.8 40.2 40.2 +0.4
PC 41.3 41.5 42.8 42.0 41.8 44.5 45.1 +3.8
台地
Terraces		 13.1 AC 16.7 16.7 16.3 16.4 16.8 17.5 18.0 +1.3
PC 16.8 17.6 17.0 16.3 17.2 17.6 17.7 +0.9
丘陵
Hills		 21.0 AC 14.9 15.0 15.0 15.4 15.7 15.5 15.5 +0.6
PC 14.7 14.8 14.3 14.4 15.3 14.6 14.4 -0.3
山地
Mountain		 43.0 AC 28.6 29.0 30.0 30.1 29.8 26.9 26.3 -2.3
PC 27.1 26.2 26.0 27.3 25.7 23.4 22.8 -4.3

图3

1985-2015年不同地貌类型中国主要粮食作物播种面积及产量变化 Ar、Aw、Am、As、Ap分别表示水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、马铃薯的播种面积; Pr、Pw、Pm、Ps、Pp分别表示水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、马铃薯的产量。"

图4

1985-2015年不同地貌类型中国主要粮食作物播种面积及产量集中度变化"

图5

1985-2015年粮食播种面积和产量波动性分析"

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