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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 203-214.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13032

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷肥对甜玉米籽粒植酸和锌有效性的影响

苏达1,2(), 颜晓军2, 蔡远扬3, 梁恬4, 吴良泉2, MUHAMMAD AtifMuneer2, 叶德练1,2,*()   

  1. 1福建农林大学农学院 / 作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
    2福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所, 福建福州 350002
    3吉林大学植物科学学院, 吉林长春 130062
    4福建农林大学林学院, 福建福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-18 接受日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-01-12 网络出版日期:2021-08-06
  • 通讯作者: 叶德练
  • 作者简介:E-mail: suda@fafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01374);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01534);国家自然科学基金项目(31701367);国际镁营养研究所基金项目(IMI2018-12)

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on kernel phytic acid and zinc bioavailability in sweet corn

SU Da1,2(), YAN Xiao-Jun2, CAI Yuan-Yang3, LIANG Tian4, WU Liang-Quan2, MUHAMMAD Atif Muneer2, YE De-Lian1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops / College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2College of Resources and Environment / International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
    3College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
    4College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2021-04-18 Accepted:2021-07-12 Published:2022-01-12 Published online:2021-08-06
  • Contact: YE De-Lian
  • Supported by:
    Fujian Province Natural Science(2019J01374);Fujian Province Natural Science(2020J01534);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701367);International Magnesium Institute Foundation(IMI2018-12)

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摘要：

为明确磷肥对甜玉米籽粒营养特性的影响, 利用不同品种的磷肥定位试验以及磷肥梯度水平试验, 探讨甜玉米籽粒植酸、磷(P)、锌(Zn)含量及Zn有效性的时间(不同灌浆期)和空间(果穗上、中、下部; 籽粒果皮、胚乳和胚)变化及其对外源磷肥的响应特性。试验结果表明, 甜玉米籽粒的P和植酸含量随磷肥用量的增加而增加, Zn含量及其有效性则呈现下降趋势。磷肥投入对吐丝后16~24 d籽粒的植酸、P和Zn的积累(mg plant-1)的影响最为显著, 而对不同灌浆时期Zn有效性均表现出抑制效应。在中磷水平下, 果穗不同穗位籽粒植酸(g kg-1)和Zn有效性的差异并不显著。高磷水平显著提高了中、下部果穗植酸的含量, 但对不同穗位籽粒Zn含量和Zn有效性均存在抑制效应。对籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)进行比较, 植酸、P以及Zn含量均以胚中含量最高, 积累量占比则以胚乳中最高; 而Zn有效性以胚中最高。高磷处理可显著提高籽粒内不同部位植酸和磷含量, 降低Zn含量及其有效性。综上, 合理磷肥施用可促进籽粒Zn积累, 而过量磷肥投入会显著增加不同灌浆时期, 以及胚乳和胚中的植酸含量和积累量, 并最终对甜玉米不同穗位籽粒和籽粒内不同部位Zn有效性都产生一定程度的抑制效应, 相关研究或为甜玉米籽粒Zn有效性的提高提供理论参考。

关键词: 甜玉米, 植酸, 生物强化, 锌有效性, 品质

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on nutritional characteristics of sweet corn kernels, the temporal (different filling stages) and spatial (upper, middle, and lower cob; kernel skin dregs, endosperm and embryo) variations of phytic acid (PA), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) contents and Zn bioavailability of sweet corn kernels and their responses to exogenous phosphorus fertilizer were investigated using filed phosphorus fertilizer experiment (P fertilizer location experiment for sweet corn genotypes and P fertilizer level experiment). The results were as follows: P fertilizer mainly inhibited Zn bioavailability by suppressing Zn concentration in sweet corn kernels, and increased PA concentrations concurrently. P fertilizer input showed significant effects on the accumulation of PA, P, and Zn (mg plant-1) after 16-24 days of silking, while inhibitory effects were detected on Zn bioavailability at different kernel filling stages. There was no significant difference in the kernel of PA (g kg-1) and zinc bioavailability among different cob positions under medium P treatment. However, the high P level significantly improved the accumulation of PA in the middle and lower cob, while the inhibitory effect was found on the kernel of Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability at all cob positions. Among different parts of the kernel (skin dregs, endosperm, and embryo), the concentrations of PA, P, and Zn were the highest values in the embryo and their accumulation were the highest value in the endosperm, while Zn bioavailability was also the highest in the embryo. High P treatment significantly increased PA and P concentrations and decreased Zn concentration and its bioavailability at different kernel positions. Hence, optimized phosphorus fertilizer application could promote kernel Zn accumulation, while excessive P fertilizer input significantly increased PA accumulation at different filling stages, as well as in the endosperm and embryo, and eventually had a significant inhibitory effect on kernel Zn bioavailability in sweet corn at different cob and kernel positions. This study provides a theoretical reference for the biofortification of Zn in sweet corn seeds.

Key words: sweet corn, phytic acid, biofortification, zinc bioavailability, quality

表1

磷肥处理对不同甜玉米品种籽粒植酸和磷含量的影响"

磷肥水平
P levels		 品种 Genotype
万甜2015号
Wantian 2015		 广良甜31号
Guangliangtian 31		 闽双色4号
Minshuangse 4		 先甜5号
Xiantian 5		 粤甜28号
Yuetian 28		 永珍7号
Yongzhen 7
植酸含量 Concentration of PA (g kg-1)
无磷肥处理CK 7.87±0.06 7.39±0.08 7.87±0.01 7.48±0.09 7.82±0.04 7.82±0.05
高磷肥处理HP 8.07±0.02 8.06±0.11 8.30±0.04 7.99±0.05 8.11±0.02 8.09±0.03
D值D-value 0.20* 0.67** 0.43** 0.51** 0.29** 0.27*
变化率 Fluctuating rate (%) 2.54 9.07 5.46 6.82 3.71 3.45
磷含量 Concentration of P (g kg-1)
无磷肥处理CK 3.32±0.03 3.15±0.14 3.10±0.08 3.40±0.12 3.95±0.11 3.40±0.03
高磷肥处理HP 3.91±0.06 3.63±0.06 3.76±0.07 4.35±0.18 3.83±0.03 3.78±0.04
D值D-value 0.59** 0.48* 0.66** 0.95* 0.12 0.38**
变化率 Fluctuating rate (%) 17.77 15.24 21.29 27.94 3.04 11.18

图1

磷肥处理对不同甜玉米品种籽粒锌含量、[PA]/[Zn]以及TAZ的影响 CK: 无磷肥处理; HP: 高磷肥处理。*、**和***分别代表同一品种内两种磷水平下的差异显著性达0.05、0.01和0.001水平。Zn: 锌; [PA]/[Zn]: 植酸与锌的摩尔比; TAZ: Zn有效性; WT: 万甜2015号; GLT: 广良甜31号; MSS: 闽双色4号; XT: 先甜5号; YT: 粤甜28号; YZ: 永珍7号。"

图2

磷水平对先甜5号甜玉米不同灌浆时期籽粒重的影响 小写字母表示同一灌浆时期内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。大写字母表示同一磷水平内不同灌浆时期的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。P0、P1、P2、P3 表示磷肥水平分别为0、75、150 和 300 kg hm-2。"

图3

磷水平对先甜5号甜玉米不同灌浆时期籽粒植酸、磷和锌含量以及积累量的影响 小写字母表示同一灌浆时期内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。大写字母表示同一磷水平内不同灌浆时期的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。"

图4

磷水平对先甜5号甜玉米不同灌浆时期籽粒锌有效性([PA]/[Zn], TAZ)的影响 小写字母表示同一灌浆时期内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性。大写字母表示同一磷水平内不同灌浆时期的差异显著性。处理同图2。[PA]/[Zn]: 植酸与锌的摩尔比; TAZ: Zn有效性。"

表2

磷肥处理对先甜5号甜玉米果穗不同部位(上、中和下部)籽粒植酸、磷、锌含量、[PA]/[Zn] 以及TAZ的影响"

果穗穗位
Cob position		 磷肥水平
P levels		 植酸含量
Concentration of PA (g kg-1)		 磷含量
Concentration of P
(g kg-1)		 锌含量
Concentration of Zn (mg kg-1)		 [植酸]/[锌]摩尔比 [PA]/[Zn] 锌有效性
TAZ (mg Zn d-1)
上部
Upside		 P0 7.90±0.12 ab A 3.96±0.17 b AB 82.96±1.89 a A 9.45±0.07 b B 2.82±0.02 a A
P1 7.87±0.02 ab A 5.14±0.02 a A 67.22±2.17 b A 11.63±0.40 a A 2.30±0.08 b B
P2 8.21±0.14 a A 5.14±0.06 a A 68.16±3.38 b A 11.99±0.43 a A 2.24±0.08 b A
P3 7.72±0.11 b B 5.09±0.06 a A 61.72±2.92 b A 12.43±0.43 a B 2.15±0.07 b A
中部
Middle		 P0 7.91±0.12 b A 4.19±0.10 b A 73.68±2.77 a B 10.66±0.25 b A 2.51±0.06 a B
P1 8.04±0.12 b A 4.96±0.03 a AB 68.64±3.44 ab A 11.64±0.41 b A 2.30±0.09 ab B
P2 8.20±0.05 ab A 5.03±0.06 a A 63.06±3.32 b A 12.94±0.61 a A 2.08±0.10 bc A
P3 8.51±0.15 a A 5.01±0.06 a A 59.49±0.93 b A 14.17±0.10 a A 1.89±0.01 c B
下部
Bottom		 P0 7.16±0.11 c B 3.65±0.10 c B 66.96±2.11 a B 10.61±0.27 c A 2.50±0.06 a B
P1 7.03±0.10 c B 4.84±0.08 b B 68.36±1.42 a A 10.19±0.11 c B 2.60±0.03 a A
P2 7.90±0.08 b A 4.99±0.03 ab A 64.08±2.54 ab A 12.26±0.38 b A 2.18±0.07 b A
P3 8.47±0.17 a A 5.10±0.05 a A 59.03±0.99 b A 14.22±0.09 a A 1.89±0.01 c B

图5

磷肥处理对鲜甜5号籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)粒重(左)及积累量占比(右)的影响 小写字母表示同一籽粒部位内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。"

图6

磷肥处理对鲜甜5号籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)内植酸、磷、锌含量和积累量的影响 小写字母表示同一籽粒部位内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。大写字母表示同一磷水平内籽粒内不同部位间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。"

图7

磷肥处理对鲜甜5号甜玉米籽粒内不同部位(果皮、胚乳和胚)锌有效性的影响 小写字母表示同一籽粒部位内不同磷水平之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。大写字母表示同一磷水平内籽粒不同部位间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。处理同图2。[PA]/[Zn]: 植酸与锌的摩尔比; TAZ: Zn有效性。"

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