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Metabolomic analysis of wild oats and cultivated oats

Guo Ying1,Zhang Da-Xiao1,Chen Mei-Lin1,Chen Guan-Yu1,Liu Jian-Min1,Yang Xiao-Hong2,Han Bing1,*   

  1. 1 College of Pratacultural Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Wheat Germplasm Resources, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education Institutions, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; 2 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-11-18 Accepted:2025-11-18 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: HAN Bing, E-mail: hb_nmg@163.com E-mail:2587864967@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2025ZD022), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0119800), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2024SHZR2466), the First-Class Discipline Research Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (YLXKZX-NND-003), and the Platform Project for Grassland Science (BR221207, BR221036).

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Abstract:

A wide-targeted metabolomics approach was employed to investigate differences in leaf metabolites between wild and cultivated oats 15 days after heading. A total of 1821 metabolites were detected in both wild and cultivated oats, among which 318 were identified as differential metabolites, spanning 13 categories including phenolic acids (65), flavonoids (59), and amino acids and their derivatives (34). The relative abundances of these metabolites were quantified. The results showed that flavonoids represented the most diverse group, while amino acids and their derivatives exhibited the highest overall abundance. Two metabolites—isorhamnetin-7-O-glucoside (santonin) and apigenin-7-O-(2''-glucuronidyl) glucuronide—were unique to wild oats, whereas 3'-glucosyl-6,7-dihydroxy-N-methyl-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, glucosylshikimic acid, and myristoleic acid were unique to cultivated oats. Several detected metabolites, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester, salidroside, and chrysin, are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial activities, and their levels were higher in wild oats than in cultivated oats. Fourteen oat alkaloids were identified in both types, with 13 of them reaching their highest concentrations in a local naked oat variety. This study provides a valuable reference for the scientific introduction and comprehensive utilization of wild oat resources.

Key words: wild oats, cultivated oats, wide-targeted metabolomics, differential metabolites, medicinal value

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