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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2010, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 1736-1742.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01736

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Translocation of Dry Matter and Utilization of Nitrogen in Rice and Wheat

ZHANG  Jun-Hua12,LIU  Jian-Li1*,ZHANG  Jia-Bao1,ZHAO  Fu-Chao3,CHENG  Ya12,WANG  Wei-Peng12   

  1. 1 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Powder and New Materials Engineering Center Yangzi Dela Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Changxing 313100, China
  • Received:2010-04-29 Revised:2010-05-07 Online:2010-10-12 Published:2010-08-04
  • Contact: LIU Jian-Li,E-mail:jlliu@issas.ac.cn;Tel:025-86881226

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Abstract: Excessive application of nitrogen-fertilizers often results in low nitrogen use efficiency and high nitrogen losses in Tai Lake region. Many studies on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rice (Oryza sativaL.) physio-ecology have been carried out aiming at high yield with reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer. However, most experiments have been focused on single crop. Also, assimilate accumulations before flowering play an important role on grain yield. In order to disclose the mechanism of dry matter translocation, optimum amount of nitrogen application and utilization of nitrogen under rice-wheat rotations, a field experiment was conducted under different nitrogen application rates from 2007 to 2009 at the Changshu Agroecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The treatments included four nitrogen fertilizer rates for rice and wheat, respectively: N1 (125 and 94 kg N ha-1), N2 (225 and 169 kg N ha-1), N3 (325 and 244 kg N ha-1), and N0 control (no nitrogen). The results showed that no significant increase in crop production was found when nitrogen application rate of rice and wheat was in excess of 225 kg ha-1 and 169 kg ha-1 respectively. The dry matter accumulations at anthesis of rice and wheat increased with the nitrogen rate increment, while the contribution of dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains before flowering decreased with increasing the nitrogen application rates. The nitrogen agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in rice and wheat were reduced with increasing the nitrogen rates, and these was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments. The marginal productions were declined with the increase of nitrogen applications, with lower than 5.5 kg kg-1 in N3 treatment for both rice and wheat. Therefore, whether for rice or for wheat, the N2 treatment could maintain higher translocation rate of dry matter, higher nitrogen use efficiency and higher economic benefit.

Key words: Rice-wheat rotation, Reasonalble nitrogen rate, Translocation of dry matter, Utilization of nitrogen

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