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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 2917-2924.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43026

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Breeding objectives and strategies for maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

CHEN Yong-Qiang1(), WANG Ya-Fei1, XIE Hui-Ling1, ZHANG Zhan-Hui1, HEI Hong-Chao1, PENG Qiang2, YANG Xue-Li2, HE Ge-Ming3,*(), TANG Ji-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / the Shennong Laboratory / Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Henan Yuyu Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
    3Nanyang Seed Industry Development Center, Nanyang 473000, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-06-20 Accepted:2024-09-03 Online:2024-12-12 Published:2024-09-09
  • Contact: *E-mail: hegeming10@sina.com; E-mail: tangjihua1@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201004);Major Projects of Henan Province(221100110300);Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory(SN01-2022-02);Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province(241111114300);Agricultural Seed Joint Research Project of Henan Province(2022010204)

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Abstract:

The Huang-Huai-Hai region, the second largest maize-producing area in China, is situated in a transitional zone between the subtropical and north temperate climates. This region is characterized by a unique double cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize, which presents specific challenges for maize cultivation. The distinct ecological conditions and cropping system necessitate maize varieties with enhanced comprehensive resistance and adaptability. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the current production status and the primary issues facing maize cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. It identifies key breeding objectives, including “high yield, suitability for mechanized harvesting, early maturity, tolerance to high planting density, resilience to environmental stresses, and resistance to major diseases and pests.” Based on these objectives, the paper proposes several breeding strategies: “reducing heterosis to increase planting density, improving kernel bulk density and single-ear seed yield, incorporating multiple resistance genes to enhance disease resistance, strengthening lodging resistance by increasing the number of brace roots, and promoting earlier anther dehiscence and pollen release to avoid high temperatures.” Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of identifying and utilizing superior genes, advancing the development of new core germplasm resources, and establishing modern molecular breeding systems, such as genome editing and genome-wide selection. It also advocates for the creation of an innovative collaboration model among research institutes, universities, and seed enterprises to accelerate germplasm innovation, improve maize breeding efficiency, and enhance the breeding and promotion of the entire industry chain. The ultimate goal is to develop superior new maize varieties that will effectively support agricultural production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: the Huang-Huai-Hai region, maize, existing problems, breeding objective, strategy

Table 1

Temperature from July to August over the past decade in the Huang-Huai-Hai region (Zhengzhou)"

年份
Year		 7月至8月温度超过35℃天数
Number of days with temperatures exceeding 35℃ from July to August		 7月至8月温度持续超过35℃天数
Number of consecutive days with temperatures
exceeding 35℃ from July to August
2013 25 22
2014 18 13
2015 11 10
2016 11 8
2017 28 24
2018 18 14
2019 20 14
2020 4 0
2021 9 3
2022 21 11

Fig. 1

Relational graph of increasing population production under high density"

Table 2

Yield increase method of new maize varieties"

性状
Traits		 MY73 一般品种
General variety		 比一般品种增量
Incremental quantity than the general variety		 每公顷产量增量
Incremental quantity per hectare
脱籽率Seed yield rate 92% 85%-87% 5%-7% 600 kg
容重Bulk density 798 g L−1 730-750 g L−1 50 g L−1 525 kg
种植密度Plant density >75,000 plants hm−2 60,000-67,500 plants hm−2 7500-15,000 plants hm−2 1125 kg
合计Total 2250 kg
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