黄淮海地区夏玉米育种目标与策略

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43026

Abstract

Abstract:

The Huang-Huai-Hai region, the second largest maize-producing area in China, is situated in a transitional zone between the subtropical and north temperate climates. This region is characterized by a unique double cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize, which presents specific challenges for maize cultivation. The distinct ecological conditions and cropping system necessitate maize varieties with enhanced comprehensive resistance and adaptability. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the current production status and the primary issues facing maize cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. It identifies key breeding objectives, including “high yield, suitability for mechanized harvesting, early maturity, tolerance to high planting density, resilience to environmental stresses, and resistance to major diseases and pests.” Based on these objectives, the paper proposes several breeding strategies: “reducing heterosis to increase planting density, improving kernel bulk density and single-ear seed yield, incorporating multiple resistance genes to enhance disease resistance, strengthening lodging resistance by increasing the number of brace roots, and promoting earlier anther dehiscence and pollen release to avoid high temperatures.” Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of identifying and utilizing superior genes, advancing the development of new core germplasm resources, and establishing modern molecular breeding systems, such as genome editing and genome-wide selection. It also advocates for the creation of an innovative collaboration model among research institutes, universities, and seed enterprises to accelerate germplasm innovation, improve maize breeding efficiency, and enhance the breeding and promotion of the entire industry chain. The ultimate goal is to develop superior new maize varieties that will effectively support agricultural production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: the Huang-Huai-Hai region, maize, existing problems, breeding objective, strategy

CHEN Yong-Qiang, WANG Ya-Fei, XIE Hui-Ling, ZHANG Zhan-Hui, HEI Hong-Chao, PENG Qiang, YANG Xue-Li, HE Ge-Ming, TANG Ji-Hua. Breeding objectives and strategies for maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(12): 2917-2924.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

References 42

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性状 Traits	MY73	一般品种 General variety	比一般品种增量 Incremental quantity than the general variety	每公顷产量增量 Incremental quantity per hectare
脱籽率Seed yield rate	92%	85%-87%	5%-7%	600 kg
容重Bulk density	798 g L⁻¹	730-750 g L⁻¹	50 g L⁻¹	525 kg
种植密度Plant density	>75,000 plants hm⁻²	60,000-67,500 plants hm⁻²	7500-15,000 plants hm⁻²	1125 kg
合计Total				2250 kg

Breeding objectives and strategies for maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

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年份 Year	7月至8月温度超过35℃天数 Number of days with temperatures exceeding 35℃ from July to August	7月至8月温度持续超过35℃天数 Number of consecutive days with temperatures exceeding 35℃ from July to August
2013	25	22
2014	18	13
2015	11	10
2016	11	8
2017	28	24
2018	18	14
2019	20	14
2020	4	0
2021	9	3
2022	21	11

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