氮肥用量对玉米-油菜和水稻-油菜轮作模式下油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34181

Abstract

Abstract:

Continuous upland and paddy-upland anniversary multiple cropping rotations are typical planting patterns of winter rape in the Yangtze River basin in China, and nitrogen nutrient deficiency is the main limiting factor for rapeseed yield. To provide a basis for scientific nitrogen application, a comparative positioning experiment of split area was conducted in Wuhan City, Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on rapeseed yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization under different rotation patterns was explored. The main treatments of the experimental design were two rotation modes of upland-oilseed rape (maize-oilseed rape rotation) and paddy-oilseed rape (rice-oilseed rape rotation), and the secondary treatments were four nitrogen application rates (0 kg N hm^-2, 75 kg N hm^-2, 150 kg N hm^-2, and 225 kg N hm^-2). The related indexes such as rapeseed yield, yield components, and nitrogen absorption were analyzed. The average results of seven-year experiment showed that there were differences in response to the yield and nitrogen uptake of rapeseed in upland and paddy fields under different nitrogen fertilizer inputs. When there was no nitrogen application or low nitrogen application (75 kg N hm^-2), the yield of rapeseed in paddy fields was significantly higher than that in upland fields, which was higher by 53.9% and 20.8%, and the nitrogen accumulation was higher by 57.8% and 18.3%, respectively. When the nitrogen application rate was 150 kg N hm^-2, there was no significant difference between the two rotations. When the nitrogen application rate reached 225 kg N hm^-2, the yield and nitrogen accumulation of rapeseed in dry land were higher by 11.2% and 16.0% than those in paddy fields, respectively. The agronomic utilization efficiency, contribution rate, and apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in upland rapeseed were higher on average by 16.5%, 20.5%, and 22.0% than those in paddy field rapeseed, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer had a greater yield increase effect on upland-rapeseed, but the soil background nitrogen supply in paddy field rapeseed season was 61.5% higher than that in upland, and its dependence on nitrogen fertilizer was less. In conclusion, the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased rapeseed yield and nitrogen accumulation. There were differences in the response of rapeseed yield to nitrogen fertilizer between maize-oilseed rape rotation and rice-oilseed rape rotation. Paddy-oilseed rape exhibited higher stability under low nitrogen input, while upland-oilseed rape achieved higher yield under high nitrogen input. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate of rapeseed should be adjusted according to different crop rotation modes in actual production. The nitrogen application rate of upland rapeseed can be appropriately increased to achieve high yield, while the nitrogen application rate of rapeseed in paddy field should be properly controlled by making full use of the nitrogen supply capacity to achieve the high yield and efficient production of rapeseed and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: maize-oilseed rape rotation, rice-oilseed rape rotation, nitrogen fertilizer rate, rapeseed yield, nitrogen accumulation

LIU Chen, WANG Kun-Kun, LIAO Shi-Peng, YANG Jia-Qun, CONG Ri-Huan, REN Tao, LI Xiao-Kun, LU Jian-Wei. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application levels on yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of oilseed rape under maize-oilseed rape and rice-oilseed rape rotation fields[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(8): 2067-2077.

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轮作模式 Rotation	氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg hm^-2)	产量 Yield
轮作模式 Rotation	氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg hm^-2)	2016/2017	2017/2018	2018/2019	2019/2020	2020/2021	2021/2022	2022/2023	平均 Average
旱地-油菜 Upland-oilseed rape	0	373±64 Bd	387±49 Bd	548±54 Bd	493±50 Bd	611±92 Ad	615±93 Bd	597±75 Bd	518±103 Bd
	75	1302±221 Bc	1161±98 Bc	1497±239 Bc	1435±67 Ac	1553±74 Ac	1581±75 Bc	1516±93 Bc	1435±152 Bc
	150	2555±150 Ab	2393±99 Ab	2399±279 Ab	2183±283 Ab	2258±170 Ab	2061±111 Ab	2031±111 Ab	2269±192 Ab
	225	3062±100 Aa	2675±109 Aa	2967±217 Aa	2641±325 Aa	2742±121 Aa	2471±109 Aa	2802±79 Aa	2766±200 Aa
水田-油菜 Paddy-oilseed rape	0	712±116 Aa	769±93 Ac	716±56 Ad	953±70 Ac	695±70 Ad	878±41 Ac	856±97 Ac	797±100 Ad
	75	1879±278 Ab	1759±151 Ab	1624±147 Ac	1574±183 Ab	1601±78 Ac	1789±27 Ab	1913±39 Aab	1734±137 Ac
	150	2388±143 Ac	2401±101 Aa	2000±157 Bb	2047±157 Aa	2177±340 Ab	1949±305 Ab	2154±68 Ab	2159±179 Ab
	225	2621±138 Bd	2609±99 Aa	2319±245 Ba	2139±210 Ba	2762±68 Aa	2462±61 Aa	2500±107 Ba	2487±208 Ba
方差分析ANOVA		F值F-value
轮作模式 Rotation (R)		4.222^*
氮肥用量 Nitrogen rate (N)		1361.697^***
年份 Year (Y)		3.456^**
R×N		38.311^***
R×Y		4.443^**
N×Y		4.728^***
R×N×Y		2.111^**

轮作模式 Rotation	氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	单株角果数 Pod number	每角粒数 Seed number	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
旱地-油菜 Upland-oilseed rape	0	94.7±11.6 Bd	21.1±0.5 Ac	3.02±0.08 Ac
	75	207.8±7.7 Bc	23.4±0.2 Ab	3.17±0.04 Abc
	150	276.7±7.0 Ab	25.6±0.5 Aa	3.19±0.08 Aab
	225	356.6±16.5 Aa	23.9±0.2 Ab	3.35±0.08 Aa
水田-油菜 Paddy-oilseed rape	0	133.3±14.0 Ac	21.8±0.5 Ac	3.08±0.07 Ab
	75	267.3±26.9 Ab	24.2±1.0 Ab	3.10±0.08 Ab
	150	306.0±7.3 Aa	25.6±0.5 Aa	3.13±0.24 Ab
	225	315.0±19.2 Aa	24.1±1.0 Ab	3.44±0.04 Aa
F值F-value
轮作模式 Rotation (R)		10.869^**	1.213^ns	0.891^ns
氮肥用量 Nitrogen rate (N)		213.001^***	38.439^***	12.613^***
R×N		11.125^**	0.342^ns	0.989^ns

氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	旱地-油菜 Upland-Oilseed rape			水田-油菜 Paddy-Oilseed rape
氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	农学利用效率Fertilizer contribution rate (kg kg^-1)	贡献率 Fertilizer contribution rate (%)	表观利用率Recovery efficiency (%)	农学利用效率Fertilizer contribution rate (kg kg^-1)	贡献率 Fertilizer contribution rate (%)	表观利用率Recovery efficiency (%)
0	—	—	—	—	—	—
75	12.2	64.2	44.0	12.5	53.8	41.6
150	11.7	76.8	45.0	9.0	62.7	35.8
225	10.0	81.1	40.9	7.5	67.6	29.0
平均Average	11.3	74.0	43.3	9.7	61.4	35.5

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application levels on yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of oilseed rape under maize-oilseed rape and rice-oilseed rape rotation fields

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