低氮条件下超级杂交稻苗期根系特征的变化及与其高氮素积累的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32015

Abstract

Abstract:

Crop root system plays an important role in nitrogen uptake. In this study, two rice varieties, conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and super hybrid rice variety Yangliangyou 6 (YLY6), were grew hydroponically under high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) treatments to investigate the changes of root characteristics and their relationships with nitrogen accumulation at seedling stage. Compared to HN, LN significantly decreased the total N accumulation in HHZ by 19.7% and had no substantial effect in YLY6. Under LN, root dry weight, the total root length, root surface area, and root tips in YLY6 significantly increased by 41.3%, 57.1%, 74.9%, and 20.6%, respectively. However, these four morphological parameters had no significant change in HHZ. Under LN, root diameter and root cortical area in YLY6 significantly increased by 12.4% and 24.2%, respectively. However, the two parameters and root stele diameter in HHZ significantly reduced by 12.0%, 21.9%, and 11.4%, respectively. In YLY6, LN significantly up-regulated the relative expression level of root ammonium transporter genes (AMT2;1, AMT2;3, AMT3;1, and AMT3;2) by 195.6%, 29.3%, 314.9%, and 388.9%, respectively, and increased the relative expression level of glutamine synthetase gene GS1;1 by 158.2%. However, LN had no effect on the relative expression level of the five genes in HHZ. Total nitrogen accumulation was significantly and positively correlated with the root characteristics (but thickness of root cortical sclerenchyma) and expression of above-mentioned genes under LN. These results indicated that the enhanced positive responses of above-mentioned root characteristics contributed to high nitrogen accumulation in YLY6 seedlings under LN. Developing varieties with root positive responses to nitrogen reduction should be a considerable target for green rice production.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), low nitrogen application, changes of root characteristics, nitrogen accumulation, ammonium transporter, glutamine synthetase

WU Yu, LIU Lei, CUI Ke-Hui, QI Xiao-Li, HUANG Jian-Liang, PENG Shao-Bing. Changes of root characteristics of super hybrid rice variety contributing to high nitrogen accumulation under low nitrogen application at seedling stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(2): 414-424.

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References 55

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基因 Gene name	上游引物 Forward sequences (5'-3')	下游引物 Reverse sequences (5'-3')
OsAMT1.1	TTTTGCTGGGCTTCTCTTGT	ACCATTCCACCACACCCTTA
OsAMT1.2	CTTCATCGGGAAGCAGTTCT	TGAGGAAGGCGGAGTAGATG
OsAMT1.3	CGGCTTCGACTACAGCTTCT	GACCAGATCCAGTGGGACAC
OsAMT2.1	CTGGCTCCTCCTCTCCTACA	CAGGATGTTGTTCGGTGAGA
OsAMT2.2	GCCTCGACGTCATCTTCTTC	TTGTGGAGGATCATCATGGA
OsAMT2.3	GCCTCGACGTCATCTTCTTC	GGAAGGTGGATTTCTTGTGC
OsAMT3.1	ACCAAGGACAGGGAGAGGTT	AAGATGACGTCGAGGCAA
OsAMT3.2	GCACAGAAGGACAGGGAGAG	GCAGATGTTGGTGTTGAGGA
OsAMT3.3	CGAGCATCACCATCATCATC	ATGACACCCCACTGGAAGAG
OsAMT4	CTGGCCTCAAGAAGATGGACA	AGCTGCTTCACGTACTTGATCG
NADH-GOGAT1	GTGCAGCCTGTTGCAGCATAAA	CGGCATTTCACCATGCAAATC
NADH-GOGAT2	CCTGTCGAAGGATGATGAAGGTGAAACC	TGCATGGCCCTACTATCTTCGCATCA
Fd-GOGAT	AAACAGGCAGCGAGAAAGGTG	AAACTCGGCACAAGCTTCAGG
GS1.1	GAGTCGTCGTCTCATTTGACCC	GTAGCCACCATCGTTCCTCATC
GS1.2	TTTTCAAGGACCCGTTCAGGA	CGGCACTGTGCCTCTTGTTAGT
GS1.3	TCAAGCCATCTTCAGAGACCCA	TACCGGTTGTTCGTCGGAATC
GS2	TCACTTCGCCATGACTTGCA	CCCCATGAGAAATTGTCAATGC
Actin	ATGAAGATCAAGGTGGTCGC	GATCTCAGCCTTGGCAATCC

品种 Variety	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	根干重 Root dry weight (g plant^-1)	地上部分干重 Shoot dry weight (g plant^-1)	根氮含量 Root N content (mg g^-1)	地上部分氮含量 Shoot N content (mg g^-1)	总氮积累量 Total N accumulation (mg plant^-1)
HHZ	HN	0.192±0.019 a	0.683±0.070 a	29.47±1.42 a	43.63±1.93 a	35.36±2.71 a
	LN	0.230±0.026 a	0.672±0.052 a	21.63±2.25 b	34.92±1.06 b	28.40±1.59 b
YLY6	HN	0.208±0.017 b	1.017±0.030 b^*	30.98±0.83 a	47.42±1.89 a	54.70±3.73 a^*
	LN	0.415±0.027 a^*	1.388±0.158 a^*	19.38±0.48 b	32.24±1.33 b	52.64±3.82 a^*
ANOVA	氮Nitrogen (N)	+++	++	++	+++	+
	品种Variety (V)	+++	+++	ns	ns	+++
	氮×品种N×V	++	++	+	+	ns

品种 Variety	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm plant^-1)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm² plant^-1)	根体积 Root volume (cm³ plant^-1)	根尖数 Root tips (No. plant^-1)
HHZ	HN	1822±269 a	181±20 a	1.42±0.11 b	26,678±5793 a
	LN	1809±159 a	216±16 a	2.09±0.21 a	22,397±2879 a
YLY6	HN	2321±221 b	228±19 b	1.79±0.16 b	34,354±4079 b
	LN	3280±256 a^*	358±29 a^*	3.12±0.28 a^*	41,429±3964 a^*
ANOVA	氮Nitrogen (N)	+	++	++	ns
	品种Variety (V)	+++	+++	+++	++
	氮×品种N×V	++	++	++	+

品种 Variety	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	根直径 Root diameter (mm)	通气组织面积比例 Proportion of root cortical aerenchyma area (%)	根皮层面积 Root cortical area (mm²)	根皮层厚壁组织厚度 Thickness of root cortical sclerenchyma (mm)	根中柱直径 Root stele diameter (mm)
HHZ	HN	989±33 a	0.62±0.53 b	0.64±0.04 a	6.50±0.26 a	228±8 a
	LN	870±41 b	5.86±3.13 a	0.50±0.05 b	6.01±0.42 b	202±4 b
YLY6	HN	883±78 b	6.08±5.11 b^*	0.52±0.09 b	8.26±0.38 a^*	215±6 a
	LN	993±25 a^*	27.69±2.49 a^*	0.64±0.04 a^*	6.18±0.28 b	221±4 a^*
ANOVA	氮Nitrogen (N)	ns	++	ns	++	+
	品种Variety (V)	ns	+++	ns	++	ns
	氮×品种N×V	++	++	+	++	++

氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	根干重 RDW	总根长 TRL	根表面积 RS	根体积 RV	根尖数 RT	根直径 RD	通气组织比例 RCA	根皮层面积 CCA	根皮层厚壁组织厚度 SCT	根中柱直径 RSD
高氮处理HN	0.61	0.68	0.70	0.71^*	0.57	-0.70	0.65	-0.70	0.94^***	-0.70
低氮处理LN	0.99^***	0.96^***	0.95^***	0.92^**	0.94^***	0.92^**	0.96^***	0.91^**	0.37	0.97^***

Changes of root characteristics of super hybrid rice variety contributing to high nitrogen accumulation under low nitrogen application at seedling stage

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氮处理Nitrogen treatment	AMT1;1	AMT1;2	AMT1;3	AMT2;1	AMT2;2	AMT2;3	AMT3;1	AMT3;2	AMT3;3	AMT4
高氮处理HN	0.75^*	0.11	-0.48	-0.31	-0.82^*	0.31	0.26	0.05	0.63	0.44
低氮处理LN	0.89^**	0.27	0.71	0.68	-0.79^*	0.79^*	0.86^**	0.85^**	0.39	0.48

氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	GS1;1	GS1;2	GS1;3	GS2	NADH-GOGAT1	NADH-GOGAT2	Fd-GOGAT
高氮处理HN	-0.17	0.08	-0.42	-0.93^***	-0.05	-0.84^**	0.54
低氮处理LN	0.77^*	0.50	0.73^*	-0.76^*	0.61	-0.55	0.92^**

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[7]	DING Yong-Gang, CHEN Li, DONG Jin-Xing, ZHU Min, LI Chun-Yan, ZHU Xin-Kai, DING Jin-Feng, GUO Wen-Shan. Characteristics of yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, and grain quality of semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(12): 3144-3154.
[8]	WEI Yi-Hao, YU Mei-Qin, ZHANG Xiao-Jiao, WANG Lu-Lu, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, MA Xin-Ming, LI Hui-Qing, WANG Xiao-Chun. Alternative splicing analysis of wheat glutamine synthase genes [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(1): 40-47.
[9]	WANG Jian-Guo, ZHANG Jia-Lei, GUO Feng, TANG Zhao-Hui, YANG Sha, PENG Zhen-Ying, MENG Jing-Jing, CUI Li, LI Xin-Guo, WAN Shu-Bo. Effects of interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1666-1679.
[10]	YAO Jia-Yu, YU Ji-Xiang, WANG Zhi-Qin, LIU Li-Jun, ZHOU Juan, ZHANG Wei-Yang, YANG Jian-Chang. Response of endogenous brassinosteroids to nitrogen rates and its regulatory effect on spikelet degeneration in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 894-903.
[11]	SHEN Wen-Qiang, ZHAO Bing-Bing, YU Guo-Ling, LI Feng-Fei, ZHU Xiao-Yan, MA Fu-Ying, LI Yun-Feng, HE Guang-Hua, ZHAO Fang-Ming. Identification of an excellent rice chromosome segment substitution line Z746 and QTL mapping and verification of important agronomic traits [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(3): 451-461.
[12]	Tian-Yao MENG,Jia-Lin GE,Xu-Bin ZHANG,Huan-He WEI,Yu LU,Xin-Yue LI,Yuan TAO,En-Hao DING,Gui-Sheng ZHOU,Qi-Gen DAI. A dynamic model and its characteristics for nitrogen accumulation after transplanting in medium-maturity types of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(5): 798-806.
[13]	HAN Kang, YU Jing, SHI Xiao-Hua, CUI Shi-Xin, FAN Ming-Shou. Inversion of nitrogen accumulation in potato leaf with different spectral indices [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12): 1979-1990.
[14]	XIE Yuan-Hua,LI Feng-Fei,MA Xiao-Hui,TAN Jia,XIA Sai-Sai,SANG Xian-Chun,YANG Zheng-Lin,LING Ying-Hua. Phenotype characterization and gene mapping of the semi-outcurved leaf mutant sol1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(02): 204-213.
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