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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 425-439.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32016

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency in japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540

XU Ran1,2,**(), YANG Wen-Ye3,**, ZHU Jun-Lin1, CHEN Song1, XU Chun-Mei1, LIU Yuan-Hui1, ZHANG Xiu-Fu1, WANG Dan-Ying1, CHU Guang1,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
    2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
    3Hangzhou Agrotechnology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2023-04-26 Accepted:2023-09-13 Online:2024-02-12 Published:2023-10-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: chuguang@caas.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02034);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101825);Zhejiang Ten Thousand Talents Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(2020R52035);National Rice Industry Technology System(CARS-01)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to understand how different irrigation regimes affected on grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases. In the present study, Yongyou 1540 was used and three irrigation regimes were set up during the whole growth period, including continuous flooding (CF), alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD), and alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD). The results showed that compared with CF, both AWMD and AWSD significantly improved WUE, with the increase of 22.6%-25.6% and 18.2%-23.1%, respectively. AWMD significantly increased yield by 8.6%-10.0%, while AWSD significantly decreased yield by 6.0%-7.5%. Compared with CF, AWMD significantly reduced the number of tillers, shoot dry weight and leaf area index (LAI) at the jointing stage, and reduced leaf area duration (LAD) from transplanting to heading, and the crop growth rate (CGR) from transplanting to jointing. However, AWMD significantly increased the percentage of productive tillers, CGR from jointing to heading, root length density, deep root ratio, root to shoot ratio, specific root length, root total absorbing area, and activity absorbing area during the whole growth period, and increased the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, root oxidation activity, and Z+ZR content in both roots and leaves, key enzymes involved in sucrose-starch metabolism in grains at two soil re-watering stages at grain filling stage. In conclusion, these results indicated that AWMD could increase both grain yield and WUE, promote root and shoot growth, and improve plant physiological activity at grain filling stage, and achieve high yield and high WUE, which was the best irrigation regime in this study.

Key words: japonica-indica hybrid rice, alternate wetting and soil drying, grain yield, water use efficiency, root morphological and physiological traits

Table 1

Soil physical and chemical properties in the experiment field"

年度
Year		 pH 全氮含量
Total N content
(g kg-1)		 有机质含量
Organic matter content (g kg-1)		 速效养分含量Available nutrients content (mg kg-1)
氮N 磷P 钾K
2021 6.02 2.55 57.2 211 21.3 65.7
2022 6.14 2.52 56.7 204 20.8 63.6

Table 2

Monthly total precipitation and sunshine hours, and averages temperatures during the rice growing seasons"

年份/气象条件
Year/Meteorological condition		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 10月
October
2021
降雨量Precipitation (mm) 221 317 315 125 68.6
日照时长Sunshine (h) 141 246 254 237 196
平均气温Temperature (°C) 26.6 29.3 28.6 26.8 20.0
2022
降雨量Precipitation (mm) 73.8 102 70.8 67.4 41.1
日照时长Sunshine (h) 145 264 266 160 158
平均气温Temperature (°C) 27.4 31.2 31.9 24.6 18.7

Table 3

Effects of different irrigation regimes on grain yield and its yield components of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 总颖花量
Total spikelets
(×106 hm-2)		 结实率
Filled grains
(%)		 粒重
Grain weight
(mg)
2021
CF 11.9 b 215 a 312 b 6.58 b 78.1 b 22.8 a
AWMD 13.1 a 214 a 325 a 6.96 a 83.2 a 22.7 a
AWSD 11.0 c 204 b 300 c 6.12 c 78.4 b 22.9 a
2022
CF 11.6 b 210 a 301 b 6.32 b 80.2 b 22.9 a
AWMD 12.6 a 208 ab 317 a 6.59 a 84.1 a 22.8 a
AWSD 10.9 c 204 b 287 c 5.85 c 81.4 b 22.9 a
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** NS
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 1

Effects of different irrigation regimes on the amount of irrigation water (A-B) and WUE (C-D) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 4

Effects of different irrigation regimes on the number of tillers and percentage of productive tillers of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 茎蘖数 Number of tillers and mail stems per m2 茎蘖成穗率
Productive tillers (%)
拔节期Jointing 齐穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
2021
CF 271 a 222 a 215 a 79.3 c
AWMD 256 a 225 a 214 a 83.6 b
AWSD 237 b 210 b 204 b 86.1 a
2022
CF 267 a 220 a 210 a 78.7 c
AWMD 251 b 219 a 208 a 82.9 b
AWSD 236 c 207 b 204 b 86.4 a
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS

Table 5

Effects of different irrigation regimes on leaf area index (LAI) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 拔节期
Jointing		 齐穗期 Heading 成熟期
Maturity
总叶面积指数
Total leaf area index		 有效叶面积指数
Productive tillers plus main stems
2021
CF 4.25 a 8.47 a 6.52 a 2.15 b
AWMD 3.78 b 7.85 b 6.45 a 2.75 a
AWSD 3.26 c 6.15 c 5.22 b 1.59 c
2022
CF 4.62 a 8.55 a 6.71 a 2.32 b
AWMD 4.05 b 7.55 b 6.57 a 2.85 a
AWSD 3.24 c 6.24 c 5.19 b 1.45 c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS

Fig. 2

Effects of different irrigation regimes on shoot dry weight (A, B), root dry weight (C, D), and root-shoot ratio (E, F) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; JT: jointing stage; HD: heading stage; MA: maturity stage; NS: non-significant at P < 0.05. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Effects of different irrigation regimes on LAD (A, B) and CGR (C, D) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; TR-JT: transplanting- jointing stage; JT-HD: jointing stage-heading stage; HD-MA: heading stage-maturity stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Effects of different irrigation regimes on deep root distribution (A, B), root length density (C, D), and specific root length (E, F) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; JT: jointing stage; HD: heading stage; MA: maturity stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Effects of different irrigation regimes on root total absorbing surface area (A, B) and root active absorbing surface area (C, D) of japonica indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; JT: jointing stage; HD: heading stage; MG: the mid-grain filling stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 6

Effects of different irrigation regimes on root oxidation activity (A, B) and flag leaf photosynthetic rate (C, D) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; D1 and D2: soil drying period at grain filling stage; W1 and W2: re-watering period at grain filling stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 7

Effects of different irrigation regimes on concentration of Z+ZR in roots (A, B) and concentration of Z+ZR in leaves (C, D) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 CF: continuous flooding; AWMD: alternate wetting and moderate drying; AWSD: alternate wetting and severe drying; D1 and D2: soil drying period at grain filling stage; W1 and W2: re-watering period at grain filling stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 6

Effects of different irrigation regimes on the activities of SuSase and AGPase in grains of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 蔗糖合酶
SuSase (µmol g-1 DW min-1)		 腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶
AGPase (µmol g-1 DW min-1)
D1 W1 D2 W2 D1 W1 D2 W2
2021 CF 42.3 a 42.0 b 26.9 a 27.0 b 29.1 a 28.4 b 16.6 a 17.3 b
AWMD 42.7 a 48.0 a 27.2 a 32.8 a 28.3 a 35.2 a 16.3 a 23.1 a
AWSD 35.8 b 41.2 b 22.3 b 27.8 b 22.4 b 28.0 b 13.2 b 16.9 b
2022 CF 41.8 a 41.2 b 28.7 a 27.8 b 27.6 a 26.6 b 17.1 a 16.4 b
AWMD 41.7 a 50.3 a 29.1 a 31.5 a 28.1 a 33.7 a 17.4 a 21.9 a
AWSD 34.8 b 40.5 b 22.0 b 26.3 b 21.5 b 26.2 b 12.3 b 16.9 b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 7

Correlation coefficients of physiological traits in rice shoot and root"

指标
Trait		 叶片中Z+ZR含量
Z+ZR content in leaves		 剑叶净光合速率
Flag leaf photosynthetic rate		 蔗糖合酶
SuSase		 腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶
AGPase
2021
根系氧化力 ROA 0.72** 0.75** 0.81** 0.80**
根系中Z+ZR含量 Z+ZR in roots 0.80** 0.83** 0.84** 0.87**
2022
根系氧化力 ROA 0.78** 0.74** 0.79** 0.81**
根系中Z+ZR含量 Z+ZR in roots 0.81** 0.76** 0.75** 0.76**
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