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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 440-450.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31019

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of straw mulching from autumn fallow and phosphorus application on nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat

XIE Wei2,3(), HE Peng2,3, MA Hong-Liang2,3, LEI Fang2,3, HUANG Xiu-Lan2,3, FAN Gao-Qiong1,2,3,*(), YANG Hong-Kun1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Collage of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    3Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2023-03-13 Accepted:2023-09-13 Online:2024-02-12 Published:2023-10-08
  • Contact: *E-mail: fangao20056@126.com;E-mail: 1241459894@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201904);Sichuan Crop Breeding Program(22ZDZX0018);Sichuan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2021YFYZ0002)

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Abstract:

Frequent occurrence of drought in winter and spring, combined with soil P deficiency limits nitrogen absorption of winter wheat in southwest wheat. This study aims to investigate the effects of straw mulching from autumn fallow and phosphorus application on root NO3- uptake dynamic potential, nitrogen uptake and utilization, chlorophyll content, and grain yield in wheat, which provides the theoretical basis for high and stable yield of wheat as well as efficient use of nutrients. The experiment was carried out at Renshou in Sichuan province from 2020 to 2022. Two factors spilt-plot design was employed with main plot of maize straw mulching (SM) and no mulching (NSM), and three phosphorus levels 0 (P0), 75 (P75), and 120 (P120) kg hm-2 were set as sub-plot. Results showed that straw mulching and phosphorus application significantly increased above-ground phosphorus accumulation. Compared with NSM, SM increased root tip NO3- net absorption rate, grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen transport, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen partial productivity and grain yield by 28.2%, 8.4%, 9.0%, 41.9%, 23.3%, and 21.9%, respectively. Compared with P0, P75 and P120 increased by 35.1%-37.6%, 12.6%-19.0%, 7.1%-9.3%, 35.7%-60.5%, 17.6%-23.8%, 17.2%-23.6%, respectively. Compared with NSM, SM increased the content of chlorophyll in flag leaf at grain filling stage, thus improving grain yield. In summary, straw mulching and phosphorus application can promote NO3- absorption in root tip of wheat and chlorophyll content, significantly increase post anthesis nitrogen absorption and reserved N remobilized to developing grains, and ultimately improve grain yield. Considering the economic benefits and yield returns, it is recommended to apply 75 kg hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer with straw mulching for high yield and efficiency cultivation of wheat in southwest China.

Key words: winter wheat, straw mulch, phosphorus application, NO3- absorption in root tip, nitrogen absorption, distribution, and utilization, grain yield

Fig. 1

Air temperature and rainfall in 2020 and 2022 during growing seasons in wheat"

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of the tested soils"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2020-2021 7.75 15.36 0.95 0.73 56.29 6.18 139
2021-2022 7.88 16.11 1.08 0.84 56.56 6.67 138

Fig. 2

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on NO3- absorption rate of root tips of wheat S1: straw mulching; S0: without mulch; P0: 0 kg P2O5 hm-2; P75: 75 kg P2O5 hm-2; P120: 120 kg P2O5 hm-2; M and P represent maize straw mulch and phosphorus fertilization in wheat growing season, respectively. * and ** represent significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. ns: no significant difference. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Straw mulch and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus uptake and transport of wheat from 2020-2021 (kg hm-2)"

处理
Treatment		 茎秆+叶鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 颖壳+穗轴
Spike and glume		 籽粒
Grain		 花前磷素转运量
Pre-anthesis P transfer		 花后磷素同化量
Post-anthesis P assimilation
SM P0 4.7±0.2 b 3.0±0.0 c 3.0±0.1 c 13.6±0.3 b 9.6±0.5 c 4.0±0.4 a
P75 5.4±0.4 a 3.4±0.1 b 7.1±0.5 a 16.1±0.6 a 12.9±0.5 ab 3.2±0.6 b
P120 5.5±0.3 a 4.8±0.1 a 7.2±0.2 a 15.8±0.9 a 13.6±0.7 a 2.2±0.4 d
NSM P0 2.4±0.1 d 1.8±0.0 d 4.6±0.2 b 9.3±0.2 c 6.6±0.3 d 2.7±0.1 c
P75 3.8±0.1 c 1.7±0.1 d 4.5±0.2 b 12.5±0.6 b 9.4±0.7 c 3.2±0.2 b
P120 3.8±0.1 c 3.5±0.1 b 5.0±0.1 b 15.3±0.3 a 12.2±0.4 b 3.2±0.7 b
F值 M ** ** ** ** ** ns
F-value P ** ** ** ** ** ns
M×P ns ** ** ** ** **

Fig. 3

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on nitrogen accumulation in various organs of wheat at maturity stage Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters between the same organs indicate significant differences between the treatments at P < 0.05."

Table 3

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on nitrogen distribution ratio in different organs of wheat at maturity stage"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 分配比例Distribution proportion (%)
茎秆+叶鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 颖壳+穗轴
Spike and glume		 籽粒
Grain
2020-2021 SM P0 4.8±0.3 f 5.4±0.1 d 8.9±0.1 c 80.9±0.4 d
P75 8.5±0.1 c 6.5±0.1 b 9.2±0.1 b 75.8±0.1 b
P120 11.2±0.1 a 8.3±0.1 a 11.7±0.0 a 68.8±0.2 c
NSM P0 6.1±0.1 e 4.8±0.3 e 6.6±0.1 e 82.5±0.2 a
P75 7.1±0.0 d 6.1±0.1 c 7.1±0.0 d 79.8±0.1 a
P120 9.7±0.0 b 8.4±0.0 a 7.3±0.0 d 74.7±0.0 b
F值F-value M ** ** ** **
P ** ** ** **
M×P ** ** ** **
2021-2022 SM P0 9.6±0.6 b 6.1±0.1 b 10.9±0.3 ab 73.4±0.6 d
P75 11.6±0.1 a 5.8±0.2 b 11.4±0.4 a 71.2±0.6 e
P120 12.3±0.2 a 7.2±0.4 a 11.4±0.2 a 69.1±0.6 f
NSM P0 6.5±0.1 d 4.8±0.1 c 9.9±0.3 c 78.8±0.2 a
P75 7.8±0.3 c 4.6±0.1 cd 10.8±0.5 ab 76.7±0.4 b
P120 10.1±0.5 b 4.2±0.1 c 10.4±0.3 bc 75.3±0.1 c
F值F-value M ** ** ** **
P ** ** * **
M×P * ** ns ns

Table 4

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on nitrogen transport and assimilation of wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花前营养器官贮藏氮素Pre-anthesis reserves 开花后同化氮素Post-anthesis assimilates
转运量
Translocation amount
(kg hm-2)		 转运率Translocation efficiency
(%)		 对籽粒贡献率Contribution efficiency to grain (%) 同化量
Assimilation amount
(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution efficiency
to grain
(%)
2020-2021 SM P0 49.2±1.2 a 77.0±1.0 b 79.5±1.8 b 12.7±1.1 bc 20.5±1.8 bc
P75 51.8±1.4 a 70.5±0.0 c 76.4±0.7 c 16.1±1.0 a 23.6±0.7 a
P120 49.3±0.1 a 62.1±0.0 d 74.2±1.0 c 17.2±0.9 a 25.8±1.0 a
NSM P0 43.8±0.1 b 79.8±0.0 a 84.2±1.4 a 8.2±0.9 d 15.8±1.4 d
P75 45.5±0.9 b 76.2±0.3 b 81.5±2.1 ab 10.3±1.2 c 18.5±2.1 c
P120 45.9±0.6 b 69.2±0.4 c 76.0±1.3 c 14.5±0.8 ab 24.0±1.3 a
F值
F-value		 M ** ** ** ** **
P ** ** ** ** **
M×P * ** ns ns ns
2021-2022 SM P0 41.9±1.0 cd 68.4±0.0 d 77.3±1.9 b 12.3±1.0 d 22.7±1.9 c
P75 46.4±0.7 b 64.5±0.5 e 73.1±1.0 c 17.1±1.1 b 26.9±1.0 b
P120 49.0±0.7 a 61.8±0.3 f 71.2±0.0 c 19.8±0.2 a 28.8±0.0 a
NSM P0 39.4±0.7 d 75.7±0.5 a 83.6±1.2 a 7.7±0.5 e 16.4±1.2 d
P75 43.0±0.7 c 72.3±0.5 b 78.1±1.0 b 12.1±0.5 d 21.9±1.0 c
P120 46.7±0.3 b 70.1±0.3 c 76.6±1.4 b 14.1±1.0 c 23.4±1.4 c
F值
F-value		 M ** ** ** ** **
P ** ** ** ** **
M×P ns ns ns ns ns

Fig. 4

Relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in wheat **: P < 0.01."

Fig. 5

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity in wheat Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the treatments at P < 0.05. * and ** represent significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels."

Fig. 6

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on chlorophyll content of flag leaf after anthesis in wheat Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 7

Straw mulching and phosphorus fertilization on grain yield of wheat Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the treatments at P < 0.05. * and ** represent significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels."

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