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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1327-1338.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22033

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of heat and solar resources allocation and utilization in rice- oilseed rape double cropping systems in the Yangtze River Delta

TAO Yue-Yue1(), SHENG Xue-Wen3, XU Jian2, SHEN Yuan1, WANG Hai-Hou1, LU Chang-Ying1, SHEN Ming-Xing1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District/National Soil Quality Observation and Experimental Station in Xiangcheng, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu, China
    2Taicang Donglin Professional Cooperatives, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China
    3Suzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Suzhou 215155, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-05-16 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-05-12 Published:2022-10-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: smxwwj@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX21(3097));National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101854);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300207)

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Abstract:

To improve annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice-oilseed rape systems in the Yangtze River Delta, a field experiment of two cropping systems, namely innovated system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing oilseed rape (Rs-Ods) and traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting oilseed rape (Rl-Ofrpp), was conducted at Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, from 2017 to 2021. The annual dry matter yield, rice grain yield, distribution and utilization efficiency of heat and solar climatic resources as well as the economic benefit were compared between two cropping systems. The results showed that, compared with the conventional system, the new system significantly improved the accumulated temperature production efficiency by 24.1% and light energy production efficiency by 20.6% of the oilseed rape season, while there was no significant difference in rice season. In the new system, the dry matter yield of rapeseed was significantly increased by 18.2% whereas the rice grain and dry matter yield were significantly decreased by 17.6% and 15.5%, respectively. In the traditional system, with the rate of accumulated temperature between two seasons of 1.77, the accumulative temperature distribution rate was 63.9% in rice season and 36.1% in oilseed rape season, respectively. The annual accumulative temperature of the new system decreased by 588℃, among which the accumulated temperature of rice decreased by 483℃. The accumulative temperature distribution rate in oilseed rape season was increased by 1.8%, and the ratio of accumulated temperature between the two seasons decreased to 1.64. Compared to the traditional system, the new system increased the annual economic benefit by 31.4%, increased the rape planting benefit by 2.2 times and decreased the rice growing economic benefit by 17.4%. In conclusion, the new cropping system, late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing oilseed rape forage, significantly improved the yield, accumulated temperature and radiation production efficiency, growing benefit of oilseed rape season as well as the annual economic benefit. Considering the food and forage security as well as economic benefit, the new rice-rapeseed cropping system can be used as one of the alternatives for the long-term monoculture of rice-wheat or rice-oilseed rape double cropping system.

Key words: the Yangtze River Delta, rice-oilseed rape double cropping system, grain yield, dry matter yield, temperature and radiation allocation, resource use efficiency

Table 1

Scheme of different cropping patterns and crop growth stage"

年份
Year		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 水稻 Rice 油菜Oilseed rape
品种
Variety		 移栽期Transplanting date (M/D) 收获期
Harvest date (M/D)		 生育期
Growth duration (d)		 播栽方式
Planting method		 播期−栽期
Sowing−transplanting date (M/D)		 收获期
Harvest
date (M/D)		 生育期
Growth duration (d)
2017/2018 Rs-Ods 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 5/22 10/4 135 机条播
Mechanical sowing		 10/9 5/4 207
Rl-Ofrpp 苏香粳100
Suxiangjing 100		 5/22 10/28 159 机开沟摆栽
Mechanical furrowing and placed-planting		 9/31−11/3 5/4 212
2018/2019 Rs-Ods 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 5/18 9/28 133 机条播
Mechanical sowing		 10/13 4/25 194
Rl-Ofrpp 苏香粳100
Suxiangjing 100		 5/18 10/25 160 机开沟摆栽
Mechanical furrowing and placed-planting		 10/5−11/10 4/25 203
2020/2021 Rs-Ods 南粳9108
Nanjing 9108		 5/27 10/10 136 机条播
Mechanical sowing		 10/15 4/24 191
Rl-Ofrpp 苏香粳100
Suxiangjing 100		 5/27 11/3 160 机开沟摆栽
Mechanical furrowing and placed-planting		 10/8−11/12 4/24 199

Table 2

Distribution of accumulated temperature of different cropping systems"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 水稻Rice 油菜Oilseed rape 周年Annual
积温
AT (℃)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (℃)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (℃)		 两季比
TR
2017/2018 Rs-Ods 3841 61.8 2373 38.2 6214 1.62
Rl-Ofrpp 4311 63.5 2479 36.5 6790 1.74
2018/2019 Rs-Ods 3594 63.1 2098 36.9 5692 1.71
Rl-Ofrpp 4088 65.0 2201 35.0 6289 1.86
2020/2021 Rs-Ods 3765 61.4 2367 38.6 6132 1.59
Rl-Ofrpp 4250 63.2 2475 36.8 6725 1.72
平均Average Rs-Ods 3733 b 62.1 b 2279 a 37.9 a 6013 a 1.64 a
Rl-Ofrpp 4216 a 63.9 a 2385 a 36.1 b 6601 a 1.77 a

Table 3

Distribution of accumulated radiation of different cropping systems"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 水稻 Rice 油菜 Oilseed rape 周年 Annual
辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 两季比
RR
2017/2018 Rs-Ods 2165 51.6 2033 48.4 4198 1.06
Rl-Ofrpp 2418 53.7 2087 46.3 4505 1.16
2018/2019 Rs-Ods 1979 55.1 1614 44.9 3594 1.23
Rl-Ofrpp 2280 59.9 1527 40.1 3807 1.49
2020/2021 Rs-Ods 1579 50.0 1576 50.0 3155 1.00
Rl-Ofrpp 1739 50.7 1688 49.3 3427 1.03
平均Average Rs-Ods 1908 a 52.2 a 1741 a 47.8 a 3649 a 1.10 a
Rl-Ofrpp 2146 a 54.8 a 1767 a 45.2 a 3913 a 1.23 a

Fig. 1

Dry matter yield at different cropping systems Different letters mean significantly different among the treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Rs-Ods: the new system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing rapeseed; Rl-Ofrpp: the traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting rapeseed."

Fig. 2

Production efficiency of accumulated temperature at different cropping systems Different letters mean significantly different among treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Rs-Ods: the new system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing rapeseed; Rl-Ofrpp: the traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting rapeseed."

Fig. 3

Production efficiency of accumulated radiation at different cropping systems Different letters mean significantly different among treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Rs-Ods: the new system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing rapeseed; Rl-Ofrpp: the traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting rapeseed."

Fig. 4

Grain yield and straw yield of rice at different cropping systems Different letters mean significantly different among treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Rs-Ods: the new system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing rapeseed; Rl-Ofrpp: the traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting rapeseed."

Table 4

Dry matter production energy, annual production of radiation, and economic benefits of different cropping systems"

处理Treatment 水稻 Rice 油菜 Oilseed rape 周年Annual
干物质
产能
DMPE
(MJ m-2)		 稻谷
产值
Value
(Y)		 成本
Cost
(Y)		 净收入
Net income
(Y)		 干物质
产能
DMPE
(MJ m-2)		 饲油
效益
Value
(Y)		 人工
成本
Labor cost
(Y)		 其他
成本
Other costs
(Y)		 净收入
Net
income
(Y)		 干物质
产能
DMPE
(MJ m-2)		 总光能
利用率
ARUE
(%)		 产值 Value
(Y)
Rs-Ods 29.4 b 23490 10320 13170 29.3 a 25280 650 6870 17760 57.7 a 1.60 a 30930
Rl-Ofrpp 34.8 a 28350 10320 18030 23.9 b 21280 5250 10530 5500 58.7 a 1.51 a 23530

Fig. 5

Production efficiency of accumulated temperature and radiation on rice grain yield at different cropping systems Different letters mean significantly different among the treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Rs-Ods: the new system with late maturity medium season japonica rice-directly sowing rapeseed; Rl-Ofrpp: the traditional system with medium maturity late season japonica rice-furrow ridging and placed planting rapeseed."

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