冬小麦-夏玉米轮作“双晚”种植模式下的品种匹配与资源效率

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11017

Abstract

Abstract:

It is of great significance that exploring the characteristics of wheat-maize varieties combination suitable for stress resistance, high yield, and stable yield under the “double delay” system and their matching properties with natural resources, for ensuring the high yield and high efficiency production of winter wheat and summer maize in this region. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019. Eight winter wheat and eight summer maize varieties were the main varieties in the North China Plain under winter wheat-summer maize “double delay” system with different irrigation treatments. Based on the analysis and evaluation of water use efficiency, grain filling characteristics, growth process, annual light, temperature, and water use efficiency, etc., the characteristics of wheat-maize varieties combination and resource use efficiency under the “double delay” system of winter wheat and summer maize were explored. The results suggested that among the tested wheat varieties, the yields of Jimai 325, Shimai 15, Nongda 3486, and Jimai 22 under conventional water-saving irrigation and rain-fed mode were higher than the average yield of the tested varieties druing the two growing seasons. In addition, the drought resistance index of Jimai 325 and Shimai 15 were higher than that of Jimai 22. Meanwhile, the grain-filling rate, grain number per spike, grain weight, and high stability coefficients of Jimai 22, Jimai 325, and Shimai 15 were higher than the mean of the tested varieties under different irrigation modes. Among the tested maize variaties, the yield and high stability coefficients of Denghai 605, Weike 702, MC670, and Nonghua 816 were all higher than the means of the tested varieties. The grain-filling rate of MC670, Denghai 605, and Xianyu 335 were higher than the means of the tested varieties during the two growing seasons. While, Dika 517 and Xianyu 335 had the lowest grain water content at harvest stage but the highest average dehydration rate among the tested varieties. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the yield and yield stability, drought resistance, grain-filling properties, and dehydration characteristics, the variety combination of Jimai 325-MC670 was selected with the highest annual yield and resource use efficiency. Compared with the local control combination of Jimai 22-Zhengdan 958, the annual yield increased by 17.2% and 17.9%, the light, temperature and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 18.6% and 20.0%, 18.1% and 18.9%, 17.4% and 18.1%, and increased economic benefit 8800 Yuan hm ^-2 and 9600 Yuan hm ^-2, respectively; to fit the whole-process mechanized management mode of wheat-maize double cropping system, maize could use varieties with fast dehydration rate and low grain water content when harvest, such as Dika 517 or Xianyu 335. Compared with the current local combination of Jimai 22-Zhengdan 958, this combination could increase the annual yield by 4.7% and 14.4%, and increase the light, temperature, and irrigation water use efficiency by 5.6% and 16.3%, 4.7% and 15.4%, 5.0% and 14.6%, and increased economic benefit by 2080 Yuan hm ^-2 and 7080 Yuan hm ^-2, respectively. In summary, optimizing the wheat-maize variety combination under the “double delay” cropping system can further improve the annual yield and resource use efficiency synergistically compared with the local staple wheat-maize variety combination.

Key words: wheat-maize ‘double-delay’ cropping system;, variety matching, grain-filling, annual yield, resource use efficiency

YAN Yan, ZHANG Yu-Shi, LIU Chu-Rong, REN Dan-Yang, LIU Hong-Run, LIU Xue-Qing, ZHANG Ming-Cai, LI Zhao-Hu. Variety matching and resource use efficiency of the winter wheat-summer maize “double late” cropping system[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 423-436.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Table 1

Yield, yield components, irrigation water use efficiency, DI, and HSC of different winter wheat varieties from 2017 to 2019 under different irrigation treatments"

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	2017-2018						2018-2019							高稳系数 HSC
处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	穗数 Spikes number (×10⁴hm^‒2)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 Thousand- kernel weight (g)	产量 GY (t hm^‒2)	灌溉水利用效率 IWUE (kg m^‒3)	抗旱指数 DI	穗数 Spikes number (×10⁴hm^‒2)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 Thousand-kernel weight (g)	产量 GY (t hm^‒2)	灌溉水利用效率 IWUE (kg m^‒3)		抗旱指数 DI	高稳系数 HSC
W1	农大3486 Nongda 3486	605.7 a	31.3 bc	40.3 bc	7.6 bc	10.1 bc	0.94	606.6 a	31.7 bc	33.3 b	6.4 cd	8.5 cd		0.72	0.75
	冀麦325 Jimai 325	614.4 a	38.2 a	41.0 b	9.6 a	12.8 a	1.39	614.6 a	38.3 a	35.9 b	8.2 ab	10.9 ab	1.08		0.97
	邯麦16 Hanmai 16	617.4 a	35.9 ab	37.4 e	8.3 ab	11.1 ab	1.17	613.6 a	25.0 e	30.5 c	4.7 e	6.3 e	0.54		0.48
	石麦15 Shimai 15	616.1 a	32.9 b	40.4 bc	8.2 bc	10.9 bc	1.10	615.7 a	37.0 a	38.1 a	8.7 a	11.6 a	1.35		0.92
	济麦22 Jimai 22	616.1 a	29.1 c	42.3 a	7.7 bc	10.3 bc	1.00	615.6 a	31.7 bc	37.0 a	7.2 bc	9.6 bc	1.00		0.87
	山农20 Shannong 20	619.5 a	23.2 d	42.7 a	6.2 cd	8.3 cd	0.70	618.0 a	24.5 e	37.6 a	5.7 de	7.6 de	0.66		0.68
	鑫麦296 Xinmai 296	616.8 a	29.3 c	40.7 bc	7.4 bc	9.9 bc	1.08	618.0 a	29.1 d	37.1 a	6.6 cd	8.8 cd	0.89		0.79
	农大399 Nongda 399	618.6 a	22.2 d	38.5 d	5.3 d	7.1 d	0.54	616.3 a	30.1 cd	37.2 a	6.9 cd	9.2 cd	0.91		0.60
	平均值 Means	615.6	30.3	40.4	7.5	10.1		614.8	30.9	35.8	6.8	9.1			0.76
W3	农大3486 Nongda 3486	608.4 a	38.5 bc	40.8 bc	9.6 abc	4.3 abc		618.4 a	38.7 b	40.4 c	9.7 ab	4.3 ab			0.97
	冀麦325 Jimai 325	617.6 a	40.2 ab	41.2 bc	10.2 a	4.5 a		624.1 a	41.3 a	40.5 c	10.7 a	4.8 a			1.03
	邯麦16 Hanmai 16	618.5 a	37.5 bcd	39.2 d	9.1 bc	4.0 bc		618.2 a	30.3 d	36.7 d	6.9 c	3.1 c			0.66
	石麦15 Shimai 15	618.6 a	36.2 cd	41.3 b	9.3 abc	4.1 abc		620.0 a	38.6 b	40.7 c	9.5 ab	4.2 ab			0.94
	济麦22 Jimai 22	616.7 a	34.7 de	42.5 a	9.1 bc	4.0 bc		615.7 a	33 cd	42.7 b	8.9 abc	3.9 abc			0.89
	山农20 Shannong 20	622.0 a	32.2 ef	42.8 a	8.6 cd	3.8 cd		620.5 a	30.3 d	43.9 a	8.1 bc	3.6 bc			0.83
	鑫麦296 Xinmai 296	617.3 a	30.4 f	40.8 bc	7.7 d	3.4 d		620.4 a	30.4 d	43.8 a	8.5 abc	3.8 abc			0.76
	农大399 Nongda 399	626.5 a	31.5 ef	40.0 cd	7.9 d	3.5 d		619.7 a	36.3 bc	39.5 c	8.7 abc	3.9 abc			0.78
	平均值 Means	618.2	35.2	41.1	8.9	4.0		619.6	35.1	41.0	8.9	4.0			0.86

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品种 Variety	2017-2018				2018-2019
品种 Variety	G_max (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	G_mean (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	T_max (d)	P (d)	G_max (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	G_mean (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	T_max (d)	P (d)
农大3486 Nongda 3486	2.27 c	1.53 ab	23.6 b	32.0 c	2.46 b	1.62 b	19.6 ab	31.7 c
冀麦325 Jimai 325	2.45 b	1.58 b	24.6 a	33.3 b	2.51 b	1.67 b	19.9 a	31.1 c
邯麦16 Hanmai 16	1.86 e	1.25 d	23.0 b	35.1 a	1.84 d	1.23 d	20.0 a	33.1 b
石麦15 Shimai 15	2.38 b	1.51 b	23.4 b	32.0 c	2.48 c	1.65 c	18.9 b	33.1 b
济麦22 Jimai 22	2.40 a	1.59 a	23.0 b	33.4 b	2.49 b	1.67 b	19.1 b	33.3 b
山农20 Shannong 20	2.48 a	1.65 a	23.1 b	33.7 b	2.51 b	1.65 b	20.0 a	33.7 b
鑫麦296 Xinmai 296	2.41 a	1.58 a	22.6 b	30.5 d	2.63 a	1.76 a	18.4 c	30.1 d
农大399 Nongda 399	2.12 d	1.40 c	21.4 c	31.2 d	2.17 c	1.43 c	18.3 c	32.8 a
平均值 Mean	2.30	1.51	23.1	32.7	2.39	1.59	19.3	32.4

	GY	KNP	TKW	G_max	G_mean	P
GY	1
KNP	0.97 ^**	1
TKW	0.13	-0.10	1
G_max	-0.04	-0.24	0.87 ^**	1
G_mean	0.03	-0.18	0.89 _**	0.99 ^**	1
P	0.43	0.45	-0.12	-0.47	-0.42	1

品种 Variety	2018				2019				高稳系数 HSC
品种 Variety	穗数 Ears number (×10⁴hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 GY (t hm^-2)	穗数 Ears number (×10⁴hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 GY (t hm^-2)	高稳系数 HSC
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	7.5 a	462.2 cd	344.1 de	10.1 c	7.7 a	547.3 ab	313.9 d	11.2 bc	0.84
浚单20 Xundan 20	7.5 a	505.4 a	338.9 e	10.9 b	7.8 a	493.3 c	323.2 cd	10.5 c	0.89
登海605 Denghai 605	7.4 a	507.5 a	356.7 c	11.2 b	7.8 a	570.9 a	343.7 b	13.0 a	0.93
伟科702 Weike 702	7.4 a	481.4 bc	368.7 b	11.0 b	7.8 a	555.0 ab	340.8 bc	12.5 ab	0.91
先玉335 Xianyu 335	7.4 a	447.9 d	354.5 cd	9.9 c	7.7 a	515.5 bc	369.9 a	12.1 ab	0.81
迪卡517 Dika 517	7.5 a	506.5 a	305.4 f	9.9 c	7.7 a	579.0 a	323.7 cd	12.3 ab	0.80
MC670	7.4 a	499.5 a	391.4 a	12.3 a	7.7 a	522.0 bc	379.5 a	13.0 a	1.04
农华816 Nonghua 816	7.4 a	510.1 a	355.5 cd	11.3 b	7.8 a	581.9 a	318.7 d	12.2 ab	0.95
平均值 Mean	7.4	490.1	351.9	10.8	7.8	545.6	339.2	12.1	0.90

品种 Variety	2018				2019
品种 Variety	G_max (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	G_mean (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	T_max (d)	P (d)	G_max (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	G_mean (mg d^-1 grain^-1)	T_max (d)	P (d)
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	11.53 c	7.83 c	22.9 a	50.5 a	11.75 c	7.93 bc	26.8 a	49.5 a
浚单20 Xundan 20	11.27 d	7.65 c	21.0 c	48.7 b	11.46 c	7.78 c	24.2 d	47.8 b
登海605 Denghai 605	11.61 c	7.89 bc	21.4 bc	49.8 a	12.18 b	8.24 b	25.1 c	48.0 b
伟科702 Weike 702	12.15 b	8.17 bc	22.1 b	49.6 a	11.99 bc	8.15 b	25.9 b	48.1 b
先玉335 Xianyu 335	12.28 b	8.34 b	21.8 b	46.7 c	12.98 a	8.76 a	25.3 bc	46.6 c
迪卡517 Dika 517	10.78 e	7.31 c	20.2 d	45.9 c	11.57 c	7.73 c	24.6 cd	46.0 c
MC670	13.07 a	8.87 a	20.9 c	48.5 b	13.39 a	9.09 a	24.8 c	48.0 b
农华816 Nonghua 816	11.59 c	7.86 bc	20.7 cd	49.7 a	12.21 b	8.26 b	24.8 c	46.4 c
平均值 Mean	11.79	7.99	21.4	48.7	12.19	8.24	25.2	47.6

品种 Variety	2018		2019
	收获期籽粒含水量 Grain moisture content when harvest (%)	平均脱水速率 Average dehydration rate (% d^-1)	收获期籽粒含水量 Grain moisture content when harvest (%)	平均脱水速率 Average dehydration rate (% d^-1)
	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	29.1 a	0.99 b	30.1 a	1.02 c
浚单20 Xundan 20	28.6 ab	1.00 b	29.5 a	1.02 c
登海605 Denghai 605	28.4 bc	1.00 b	29.0 b	1.04 bc
伟科702 Weike 702	28.4 bc	0.99 b	28.2 c	1.04 bc
先玉335 Xianyu 335	26.8 e	1.02 ab	27.1 b	1.05 b
迪卡517 Dika 517	26.0 f	1.03 a	25.7 d	1.08 a
MC670	28.5 b	1.00 b	29.9 a	1.02 c
农华816 Nonghua 816	27.1 de	1.02 ab	28.5 bc	1.04 bc

Variety matching and resource use efficiency of the winter wheat-summer maize “double late” cropping system

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性状Trait	GY	KNP	TKW	G_max	G_mean	P	GMCH	ADR
GY	1
KNP	0.73^**	1
TKW	0.33	-0.38	1
G_max	0.63^**	0.04	0.76^**	1
G_mean	0.61^*	0.01	0.77^**	0.99^**	1
P	-0.14	-0.45	0.45	0.02	0.033	1
GMCH	0.34	0.04	0.32	0.51^*	0.53^*	0.46	1
ADR	0.35	0.68^**	-0.53^*	-0.14	-0.18	-0.68^**	-0.41	1

品种 Variety	玉米品种 Maize variety	2017—2018					2018—2019
品种 Variety	玉米品种 Maize variety	周年产量 AY (t hm^‒2)	灌溉水利用效率 IWUE (kg m^‒3)	积温利用效率 TUE (kg hm^‒2 ℃ d^‒1)	光能利用效率 RUE (g MJ^‒1)	经济效益 EB (Yuan hm^‒2)	周年产量 AY (t hm^‒2)	灌溉水利用效率 IWUE (kg m^‒3)	积温利用效率 TUE (kg hm^‒2 ℃ d^‒1)	光能利用效率 RUE (g MJ^‒1)	经济效益 EB (Yuan hm^‒2)
济麦22 Jimai 22	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	19.2 b	6.38 b	3.87 b	0.40 b	15,120	20.1 c	6.69 c	4.02 c	0.42 c	17,480
冀麦325 Jimai 325	登海605 Denghai 605	21.5 ab	7.16 ab	4.37 ab	0.46 ab	20,840	23.7 a	7.89 a	4.78 a	0.51 a	27,080
冀麦325 Jimai 325	MC670	22.5 a	7.49 a	4.57 a	0.48 a	23,920	23.7 a	7.90 a	4.78 a	0.51 a	27,080
石麦15 Shimai 15	登海605 Denghai 605	20.5 b	6.85 b	4.18 b	0.44 b	18,680	22.5 b	7.50 b	4.54 b	0.49 b	24,200
石麦15 Shimai 15	MC670	21.5 ab	7.18 ab	4.38 ab	0.46 ab	21,760	22.5 b	7.51 b	4.54 b	0.49 b	24,200
冀麦325 Jimai 325	先玉335 Xianyu 335	20.1 b	6.70 b	4.05 b	0.42 b	17,200	22.8 ab	7.60 ab	4.60 ab	0.49 ab	24,560
冀麦325 Jimai 325	迪卡517 Dika 517	20.1 b	6.70 b	4.05 b	0.42 b	17,200	23.0 ab	7.67 ab	4.64 ab	0.50 ab	25,120
石麦15 Shimai 15	先玉335 Xianyu 335	19.2 b	6.40 b	3.88 b	0.40 b	16,040	21.6 b	7.20 b	4.36 b	0.47 b	21,680
石麦15 Shimai 15	迪卡517 Dika 517	19.2 b	6.40 b	3.88 b	0.40 b	16,040	21.8 b	7.27 b	4.40 b	0.47 b	22,240

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