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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 423-436.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11017

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Variety matching and resource use efficiency of the winter wheat-summer maize “double late” cropping system

YAN Yan(), ZHANG Yu-Shi, LIU Chu-Rong, REN Dan-Yang, LIU Hong-Run, LIU Xue-Qing, ZHANG Ming-Cai*(), LI Zhao-Hu   

  1. Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education / College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2021-02-22 Accepted:2021-04-26 Online:2022-02-12 Published:2021-07-06
  • Contact: ZHANG Ming-Cai E-mail:1319817475@qq.com;zmc1214@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300410)

Abstract:

It is of great significance that exploring the characteristics of wheat-maize varieties combination suitable for stress resistance, high yield, and stable yield under the “double delay” system and their matching properties with natural resources, for ensuring the high yield and high efficiency production of winter wheat and summer maize in this region. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019. Eight winter wheat and eight summer maize varieties were the main varieties in the North China Plain under winter wheat-summer maize “double delay” system with different irrigation treatments. Based on the analysis and evaluation of water use efficiency, grain filling characteristics, growth process, annual light, temperature, and water use efficiency, etc., the characteristics of wheat-maize varieties combination and resource use efficiency under the “double delay” system of winter wheat and summer maize were explored. The results suggested that among the tested wheat varieties, the yields of Jimai 325, Shimai 15, Nongda 3486, and Jimai 22 under conventional water-saving irrigation and rain-fed mode were higher than the average yield of the tested varieties druing the two growing seasons. In addition, the drought resistance index of Jimai 325 and Shimai 15 were higher than that of Jimai 22. Meanwhile, the grain-filling rate, grain number per spike, grain weight, and high stability coefficients of Jimai 22, Jimai 325, and Shimai 15 were higher than the mean of the tested varieties under different irrigation modes. Among the tested maize variaties, the yield and high stability coefficients of Denghai 605, Weike 702, MC670, and Nonghua 816 were all higher than the means of the tested varieties. The grain-filling rate of MC670, Denghai 605, and Xianyu 335 were higher than the means of the tested varieties during the two growing seasons. While, Dika 517 and Xianyu 335 had the lowest grain water content at harvest stage but the highest average dehydration rate among the tested varieties. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the yield and yield stability, drought resistance, grain-filling properties, and dehydration characteristics, the variety combination of Jimai 325-MC670 was selected with the highest annual yield and resource use efficiency. Compared with the local control combination of Jimai 22-Zhengdan 958, the annual yield increased by 17.2% and 17.9%, the light, temperature and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 18.6% and 20.0%, 18.1% and 18.9%, 17.4% and 18.1%, and increased economic benefit 8800 Yuan hm -2 and 9600 Yuan hm -2, respectively; to fit the whole-process mechanized management mode of wheat-maize double cropping system, maize could use varieties with fast dehydration rate and low grain water content when harvest, such as Dika 517 or Xianyu 335. Compared with the current local combination of Jimai 22-Zhengdan 958, this combination could increase the annual yield by 4.7% and 14.4%, and increase the light, temperature, and irrigation water use efficiency by 5.6% and 16.3%, 4.7% and 15.4%, 5.0% and 14.6%, and increased economic benefit by 2080 Yuan hm -2 and 7080 Yuan hm -2, respectively. In summary, optimizing the wheat-maize variety combination under the “double delay” cropping system can further improve the annual yield and resource use efficiency synergistically compared with the local staple wheat-maize variety combination.

Key words: wheat-maize ‘double-delay’ cropping system;, variety matching, grain-filling, annual yield, resource use efficiency

Fig. 1

Daily mean temperature and accumulated rainfall during 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and last 20 years"

Table 1

Yield, yield components, irrigation water use efficiency, DI, and HSC of different winter wheat varieties from 2017 to 2019 under different irrigation treatments"

处理
Treatment
品种
Variety
2017-2018 2018-2019 高稳系数
HSC
穗数
Spikes number (×104 hm‒2)
穗粒数
Kernel number
per spike
千粒重
Thousand- kernel
weight (g)
产量
GY
(t hm‒2)
灌溉水利用效率
IWUE
(kg m‒3)
抗旱
指数
DI
穗数
Spikes number (×104 hm‒2)
穗粒数
Kernel number
per spike
千粒重
Thousand-kernel
weight (g)
产量
GY
(t hm‒2)
灌溉水利用效率
IWUE
(kg m‒3)
抗旱指数
DI
W1 农大3486
Nongda 3486
605.7 a 31.3 bc 40.3 bc 7.6 bc 10.1 bc 0.94 606.6 a 31.7 bc 33.3 b 6.4 cd 8.5 cd 0.72 0.75
冀麦325 Jimai 325 614.4 a 38.2 a 41.0 b 9.6 a 12.8 a 1.39 614.6 a 38.3 a 35.9 b 8.2 ab 10.9 ab 1.08 0.97
邯麦16 Hanmai 16 617.4 a 35.9 ab 37.4 e 8.3 ab 11.1 ab 1.17 613.6 a 25.0 e 30.5 c 4.7 e 6.3 e 0.54 0.48
石麦15 Shimai 15 616.1 a 32.9 b 40.4 bc 8.2 bc 10.9 bc 1.10 615.7 a 37.0 a 38.1 a 8.7 a 11.6 a 1.35 0.92
济麦22 Jimai 22 616.1 a 29.1 c 42.3 a 7.7 bc 10.3 bc 1.00 615.6 a 31.7 bc 37.0 a 7.2 bc 9.6 bc 1.00 0.87
山农20 Shannong 20 619.5 a 23.2 d 42.7 a 6.2 cd 8.3 cd 0.70 618.0 a 24.5 e 37.6 a 5.7 de 7.6 de 0.66 0.68
鑫麦296 Xinmai 296 616.8 a 29.3 c 40.7 bc 7.4 bc 9.9 bc 1.08 618.0 a 29.1 d 37.1 a 6.6 cd 8.8 cd 0.89 0.79
农大399 Nongda 399 618.6 a 22.2 d 38.5 d 5.3 d 7.1 d 0.54 616.3 a 30.1 cd 37.2 a 6.9 cd 9.2 cd 0.91 0.60
平均值 Means 615.6 30.3 40.4 7.5 10.1 614.8 30.9 35.8 6.8 9.1 0.76
W3 农大3486
Nongda 3486
608.4 a 38.5 bc 40.8 bc 9.6 abc 4.3 abc 618.4 a 38.7 b 40.4 c 9.7 ab 4.3 ab 0.97
冀麦325 Jimai 325 617.6 a 40.2 ab 41.2 bc 10.2 a 4.5 a 624.1 a 41.3 a 40.5 c 10.7 a 4.8 a 1.03
邯麦16 Hanmai 16 618.5 a 37.5 bcd 39.2 d 9.1 bc 4.0 bc 618.2 a 30.3 d 36.7 d 6.9 c 3.1 c 0.66
石麦15 Shimai 15 618.6 a 36.2 cd 41.3 b 9.3 abc 4.1 abc 620.0 a 38.6 b 40.7 c 9.5 ab 4.2 ab 0.94
济麦22 Jimai 22 616.7 a 34.7 de 42.5 a 9.1 bc 4.0 bc 615.7 a 33 cd 42.7 b 8.9 abc 3.9 abc 0.89
山农20 Shannong 20 622.0 a 32.2 ef 42.8 a 8.6 cd 3.8 cd 620.5 a 30.3 d 43.9 a 8.1 bc 3.6 bc 0.83
鑫麦296 Xinmai 296 617.3 a 30.4 f 40.8 bc 7.7 d 3.4 d 620.4 a 30.4 d 43.8 a 8.5 abc 3.8 abc 0.76
农大399 Nongda 399 626.5 a 31.5 ef 40.0 cd 7.9 d 3.5 d 619.7 a 36.3 bc 39.5 c 8.7 abc 3.9 abc 0.78
平均值 Means 618.2 35.2 41.1 8.9 4.0 619.6 35.1 41.0 8.9 4.0 0.86

Table 2

Grain filling parameters of different winter wheat varieties under W3 treatment"

品种
Variety
2017-2018 2018-2019
Gmax
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Gmean
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Tmax
(d)
P
(d)
Gmax
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Gmean
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Tmax
(d)
P
(d)
农大3486 Nongda 3486 2.27 c 1.53 ab 23.6 b 32.0 c 2.46 b 1.62 b 19.6 ab 31.7 c
冀麦325 Jimai 325 2.45 b 1.58 b 24.6 a 33.3 b 2.51 b 1.67 b 19.9 a 31.1 c
邯麦16 Hanmai 16 1.86 e 1.25 d 23.0 b 35.1 a 1.84 d 1.23 d 20.0 a 33.1 b
石麦15 Shimai 15 2.38 b 1.51 b 23.4 b 32.0 c 2.48 c 1.65 c 18.9 b 33.1 b
济麦22 Jimai 22 2.40 a 1.59 a 23.0 b 33.4 b 2.49 b 1.67 b 19.1 b 33.3 b
山农20 Shannong 20 2.48 a 1.65 a 23.1 b 33.7 b 2.51 b 1.65 b 20.0 a 33.7 b
鑫麦296 Xinmai 296 2.41 a 1.58 a 22.6 b 30.5 d 2.63 a 1.76 a 18.4 c 30.1 d
农大399 Nongda 399 2.12 d 1.40 c 21.4 c 31.2 d 2.17 c 1.43 c 18.3 c 32.8 a
平均值 Mean 2.30 1.51 23.1 32.7 2.39 1.59 19.3 32.4

Table 3

Correlation analysis among yield, kernel number, 1000-kernel weight and grain filling characteristics of different varieties"

GY KNP TKW Gmax Gmean P
GY 1
KNP 0.97 ** 1
TKW 0.13 -0.10 1
Gmax -0.04 -0.24 0.87 ** 1
Gmean 0.03 -0.18 0.89 ** 0.99 ** 1
P 0.43 0.45 -0.12 -0.47 -0.42 1

Table 4

Grain yield, yield components, and HSC of different summer maize varieties from 2018 to 2019"

品种
Variety
2018 2019 高稳系数
HSC
穗数
Ears number
(×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grain number
per ear
千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
产量
GY
(t hm-2)
穗数
Ears number
(×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grain number
per ear
千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
产量
GY
(t hm-2)
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.5 a 462.2 cd 344.1 de 10.1 c 7.7 a 547.3 ab 313.9 d 11.2 bc 0.84
浚单20 Xundan 20 7.5 a 505.4 a 338.9 e 10.9 b 7.8 a 493.3 c 323.2 cd 10.5 c 0.89
登海605 Denghai 605 7.4 a 507.5 a 356.7 c 11.2 b 7.8 a 570.9 a 343.7 b 13.0 a 0.93
伟科702 Weike 702 7.4 a 481.4 bc 368.7 b 11.0 b 7.8 a 555.0 ab 340.8 bc 12.5 ab 0.91
先玉335 Xianyu 335 7.4 a 447.9 d 354.5 cd 9.9 c 7.7 a 515.5 bc 369.9 a 12.1 ab 0.81
迪卡517 Dika 517 7.5 a 506.5 a 305.4 f 9.9 c 7.7 a 579.0 a 323.7 cd 12.3 ab 0.80
MC670 7.4 a 499.5 a 391.4 a 12.3 a 7.7 a 522.0 bc 379.5 a 13.0 a 1.04
农华816 Nonghua 816 7.4 a 510.1 a 355.5 cd 11.3 b 7.8 a 581.9 a 318.7 d 12.2 ab 0.95
平均值 Mean 7.4 490.1 351.9 10.8 7.8 545.6 339.2 12.1 0.90

Table 5

Grain filling parameters of different summer maize varieties"

品种
Variety
2018 2019
Gmax
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Gmean
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Tmax
(d)
P
(d)
Gmax
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Gmean
(mg d-1 grain-1)
Tmax
(d)
P
(d)
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 11.53 c 7.83 c 22.9 a 50.5 a 11.75 c 7.93 bc 26.8 a 49.5 a
浚单20 Xundan 20 11.27 d 7.65 c 21.0 c 48.7 b 11.46 c 7.78 c 24.2 d 47.8 b
登海605 Denghai 605 11.61 c 7.89 bc 21.4 bc 49.8 a 12.18 b 8.24 b 25.1 c 48.0 b
伟科702 Weike 702 12.15 b 8.17 bc 22.1 b 49.6 a 11.99 bc 8.15 b 25.9 b 48.1 b
先玉335 Xianyu 335 12.28 b 8.34 b 21.8 b 46.7 c 12.98 a 8.76 a 25.3 bc 46.6 c
迪卡517 Dika 517 10.78 e 7.31 c 20.2 d 45.9 c 11.57 c 7.73 c 24.6 cd 46.0 c
MC670 13.07 a 8.87 a 20.9 c 48.5 b 13.39 a 9.09 a 24.8 c 48.0 b
农华816 Nonghua 816 11.59 c 7.86 bc 20.7 cd 49.7 a 12.21 b 8.26 b 24.8 c 46.4 c
平均值 Mean 11.79 7.99 21.4 48.7 12.19 8.24 25.2 47.6

Table 6

Grain moisture content of harvest and average total dehydration of different summer maize varieties"

品种
Variety
2018 2019
收获期籽粒含水量
Grain moisture content
when harvest (%)
平均脱水速率
Average dehydration
rate (% d-1)
收获期籽粒含水量
Grain moisture content
when harvest (%)
平均脱水速率
Average dehydration rate (% d-1)
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 29.1 a 0.99 b 30.1 a 1.02 c
浚单20 Xundan 20 28.6 ab 1.00 b 29.5 a 1.02 c
登海605 Denghai 605 28.4 bc 1.00 b 29.0 b 1.04 bc
伟科702 Weike 702 28.4 bc 0.99 b 28.2 c 1.04 bc
先玉335 Xianyu 335 26.8 e 1.02 ab 27.1 b 1.05 b
迪卡517 Dika 517 26.0 f 1.03 a 25.7 d 1.08 a
MC670 28.5 b 1.00 b 29.9 a 1.02 c
农华816 Nonghua 816 27.1 de 1.02 ab 28.5 bc 1.04 bc

Table 7

Correlation analysis among yield, kernel number, 1000-kernel weight, grain filling, and dehydration characteristics of different varieties"

性状Trait GY KNP TKW Gmax Gmean P GMCH ADR
GY 1
KNP 0.73** 1
TKW 0.33 -0.38 1
Gmax 0.63** 0.04 0.76** 1
Gmean 0.61* 0.01 0.77** 0.99** 1
P -0.14 -0.45 0.45 0.02 0.033 1
GMCH 0.34 0.04 0.32 0.51* 0.53* 0.46 1
ADR 0.35 0.68** -0.53* -0.14 -0.18 -0.68** -0.41 1

Table 8

Annual grain yield, production efficiency of accumulated temperature, radiation, and irrigation for different winter wheat-summer maize varieties match"

品种
Variety
玉米品种
Maize variety
2017—2018 2018—2019
周年产量
AY
(t hm‒2)
灌溉水
利用效率
IWUE
(kg m‒3)
积温
利用效率
TUE
(kg hm‒2 ℃ d‒1)
光能
利用效率
RUE
(g MJ‒1)
经济效益
EB
(Yuan hm‒2)
周年产量
AY
(t hm‒2)
灌溉水
利用效率
IWUE
(kg m‒3)
积温
利用效率
TUE
(kg hm‒2 ℃ d‒1)
光能
利用效率
RUE
(g MJ‒1)
经济效益
EB
(Yuan hm‒2)
济麦22 Jimai 22 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 19.2 b 6.38 b 3.87 b 0.40 b 15,120 20.1 c 6.69 c 4.02 c 0.42 c 17,480
冀麦325 Jimai 325 登海605 Denghai 605 21.5 ab 7.16 ab 4.37 ab 0.46 ab 20,840 23.7 a 7.89 a 4.78 a 0.51 a 27,080
冀麦325 Jimai 325 MC670 22.5 a 7.49 a 4.57 a 0.48 a 23,920 23.7 a 7.90 a 4.78 a 0.51 a 27,080
石麦15 Shimai 15 登海605 Denghai 605 20.5 b 6.85 b 4.18 b 0.44 b 18,680 22.5 b 7.50 b 4.54 b 0.49 b 24,200
石麦15 Shimai 15 MC670 21.5 ab 7.18 ab 4.38 ab 0.46 ab 21,760 22.5 b 7.51 b 4.54 b 0.49 b 24,200
冀麦325 Jimai 325 先玉335 Xianyu 335 20.1 b 6.70 b 4.05 b 0.42 b 17,200 22.8 ab 7.60 ab 4.60 ab 0.49 ab 24,560
冀麦325 Jimai 325 迪卡517 Dika 517 20.1 b 6.70 b 4.05 b 0.42 b 17,200 23.0 ab 7.67 ab 4.64 ab 0.50 ab 25,120
石麦15 Shimai 15 先玉335 Xianyu 335 19.2 b 6.40 b 3.88 b 0.40 b 16,040 21.6 b 7.20 b 4.36 b 0.47 b 21,680
石麦15 Shimai 15 迪卡517 Dika 517 19.2 b 6.40 b 3.88 b 0.40 b 16,040 21.8 b 7.27 b 4.40 b 0.47 b 22,240
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