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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1517-1527.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01517

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Grain Filling and Dehydration Characteristics of Summer Maize Hybrids Differing in Maturities and Effect of Plant Density

Ze-Hua WAN,Bai-Zhao REN,Bin ZHAO,Peng LIU,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-01-30 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-07-31
  • Contact: Ji-Wang ZHANG E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the State Key Research and Development Program “Food Production Enhancement and Efficiency Innovation” Key Special Project(SQ2017YFNC050063);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-18)

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Abstract:

Exploring grain-filling and dehydration characteristics of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities and the regulation function of plant density, could provide theoretical and technical reference for the mechanized grain harvest in The Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain region. A field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017, using early hybrids Denghai 518 (DH518), Hengzao 8 (HZ8) and middle-late hybrids Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Denghai 605 (DH605) with three plant densities of 60 000, 75 000, and 90 000 plants ha -1. The grain-filling duration was shorter and the yield was lower in early hybrids DH518, HZ8 than in middle-late hybrids ZD958, DH605. Grain moisture content of the four hybrids at physiological maturity had no significant correlation with their growth period duration. Compared with middle-late hybrids, grain dehydration rate of early hybrids at late growth stage was faster. In 2016 and 2017, mean value of grain dehydration rate from the date reaching maximum grain water content to physiological maturity of DH518 and HZ8 was 0.015% °C -1 and 0.014% °C -1 higher than that of ZD958 and DH605 respectively. The grain dehydration rate had no significant correlation with filling rate, the moisture content in grain at late growth stage was positively correlated with that in stem, sheath and leaf at P < 0.05, and with that in bract and cob at P < 0.01. With increasing plant density, grain-filling duration of different summer maize hybrids become shorter, average filling rate reduced, and grain moisture content at physiological maturity reduced. Reasonably increasing plant density could significantly improve the yield of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities.

Key words: summer maize, growth period, grain-filling, grain dehydration, yield, plant density

Table 1

Variance analysis of yield of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value
年份 Year (Y) 1 208668.484 208668.484 2.422
种植密度 Plant density (D) 2 61116365.83 30558182.91 354.66**
品种 Hybrid (H) 3 36514182.24 12171394.08 141.262**
Y×D 2 180020.645 90010.322 1.045
Y×H 3 3216329.267 1072109.756 12.443**
D×H 6 94103.282 15683.88 0.182
Y×D×H 6 221641.587 36940.264 0.429
误差 Error 48 4135772.023 86161.917
总变异 Total variation 72 10710000000

Fig. 1

Yield of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities Bars superscripted by a different small letter within the same plant density are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. DH518: Denghai 518; HZ8: Hengzao 8; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; DH605: Denghai 605."

Table 2

Growth procession and effective accumulated temperature of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities"

品种
Hybrid		 播种期
Sowing
(M/D)		 吐丝期
R1
(M/D)		 完熟期
R6
(M/D)		 吐丝前天数
Days before
silking (d)		 吐丝前
有效积温
EATBS (°C)		 吐丝后天数
Days after
silking (d)		 吐丝后
有效积温
EATAS (°C)		 生育期
Total growth
period (d)		 总有效积温
TEAT (°C)
2016
DH518 6/11 7/28 9/23 47 810.4 58 916.6 105 1727.0
HZ8 6/11 7/29 9/20 48 829.9 54 863.1 102 1693.0
ZD958 6/11 7/31 10/2 50 871.1 64 951.2 114 1822.3
DH605 6/11 8/1 10/6 51 890.7 67 975.9 118 1866.6
2017
DH518 6/10 7/25 9/21 45 806.9 58 933.3 103 1740.1
HZ8 6/10 7/25 9/20 45 806.9 57 920.1 102 1727.0
ZD958 6/10 7/30 9/30 50 890.5 62 963.2 112 1853.7
DH605 6/10 7/31 10/1 51 904.6 62 955.8 113 1860.5

Table 3

Filling rate of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities"

品种
Hybrid		 种植密度
Plant density
(plants hm-2)		 灌浆期有效积温
EATFP (°C)		 生理成熟期百粒重
100-KDWPM (g)		 平均灌浆速率
Average filling
rate (g °C-1)		 籽粒最大
含水率的百粒重
100-KDWMWC (g)		 籽粒最大含水率
到成熟的灌浆速率
FRMWCM (g °C-1 )
2016
DH518 60000 921.5 32.72 b 0.036 a 12.93 0.041
75000 916.6 30.05 de 0.033 bc 11.58 0.037
90000 916.6 29.23 ef 0.032 bc 10.34 0.038
HZ8 60000 863.1 27.87 fg 0.032 bc 11.98 0.034
75000 863.1 27.45 g 0.032 bc 11.60 0.034
90000 873.2 27.68 fg 0.032 bc 10.03 0.037
ZD958 60000 951.2 32.01 bc 0.034 b 19.51 0.033
75000 951.2 31.02 cd 0.033 bc 17.83 0.035
90000 943.4 29.57 de 0.031 c 15.33 0.037
DH605 60000 986.8 35.76 a 0.036 a 18.86 0.041
75000 975.9 35.42 a 0.036 a 17.17 0.043
90000 959.7 34.89 a 0.036 a 16.91 0.043
2017
DH518 60000 933.3 32.01 d 0.034 e 13.30 0.040
75000 933.3 30.86 def 0.033 e 12.20 0.040
90000 927.7 31.35 de 0.034 e 12.00 0.040
HZ8 60000 920.1 30.56 ef 0.033 e 12.98 0.039
75000 920.1 29.11 g 0.032 f 12.53 0.036
90000 895.0 29.69 fg 0.033 e 13.10 0.035
ZD958 60000 963.2 36.95 ab 0.038 bc 20.90 0.038
75000 963.2 34.88 c 0.036 d 20.60 0.034
90000 955.8 32.15 d 0.034 e 17.70 0.034
DH605 60000 970.0 38.21 a 0.039 ab 21.70 0.039
75000 955.8 38.12 a 0.040 a 20.80 0.041
90000 962.6 36.03 bc 0.037 cd 18.10 0.041

Table 4

Variance analysis of kernel moisture content at physiological maturity"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value
年份 Year (Y) 1 84.338 84.338 94.462**
种植密度 Plant density (D) 2 23.157 11.579 12.969**
品种 Hybrid (H) 3 71.678 23.893 26.761**
Y×D 2 1.649 0.825 0.924
Y×H 3 23.903 7.968 8.924**
D×H 6 9.189 1.532 1.715
Y×D×H 6 14.450 2.408 2.698*
误差 Error 48 42.855 0.893
总变异 Total variation 72 57686.247

Fig. 2

Grain moisture content at physiological maturity of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities Bars superscripted by a different small letter within the same plant density are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. DH518: Denghai 518; HZ8: Hengzao 8; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; DH605: Denghai 605."

Table 5

Dehydration rate of summer maize hybrids differing in maturities"

品种
Hybrid		 种植密度
Plant density
(plants hm-2)		 吐丝后
有效积温
EATAS (°C)		 吐丝到籽粒最大含水量时的有效积温
EATSMGWC (°C)		 籽粒最大含水量
时的含水率
GMCMWC (%)		 生理成熟时的
籽粒含水率
GMCPM (%)		 籽粒最大含水率时到
成熟时的脱水速率
DRMGWCPM (% °C-1)		 总脱水速率
TDR
(% °C-1)
2016
DH518 60000 921.5 437.3 60.7 30.1 0.063 b 0.065 b
75000 916.6 419.2 59.8 29.5 0.061 bc 0.066 b
90000 916.6 419.2 59.9 29.3 0.062 bc 0.066 b
HZ8 60000 863.1 399.7 59.1 27.4 0.068 a 0.073 a
75000 863.1 399.7 60.6 27.2 0.072 a 0.073 a
90000 873.2 399.7 60.1 26.8 0.070 a 0.072 a
ZD958 60000 951.2 574.0 49.6 31.1 0.049 fg 0.062 cd
75000 951.2 574.0 48.6 30.4 0.048 g 0.063 cd
90000 943.4 554.1 50.5 31.0 0.050 fg 0.063 cd
DH605 60000 986.8 574.0 53.5 31.6 0.053 ef 0.059 e
75000 975.9 554.4 52.5 29.1 0.056 de 0.062 d
90000 959.7 538.2 52.7 28.4 0.058 cd 0.064 bc
2017
DH518 60000 933.3 463.6 58.6 27.9 0.065 b 0.067 d
75000 933.3 463.6 59.7 28.2 0.067 bc 0.066 de
90000 927.7 444.0 58.9 25.9 0.068 bc 0.069 b
HZ8 60000 920.1 463.6 58.5 28.1 0.067 bc 0.067 cd
75000 920.1 463.6 58.8 26.9 0.070 a 0.069 bc
90000 895.0 425.4 56.9 25.2 0.067 bc 0.072 a
ZD958 60000 963.2 544.3 50.8 29.6 0.051 e 0.063 g
75000 963.2 544.3 49.0 27.5 0.051 e 0.065 ef
90000 955.8 530.2 48.5 28.5 0.047 f 0.064 f
DH605 60000 970.0 544.3 50.5 26.1 0.057 d 0.066 def
75000 955.8 530.2 50.8 26.3 0.058 d 0.067 d
90000 962.6 530.2 50.0 25.7 0.056 d 0.067 d

Table 6

Correlation analysis of dehydration parameters and filling parameters (2016-2017)"

灌浆期
有效积温
EATFP (°C)		 总脱水速率
TDR
(% °C-1)		 籽粒最大含水率到成熟的脱水速率
DRDRMGWCPM
(% °C-1)		 籽粒最大含水率到成熟的灌浆速率
FRDRMGWCPM
(g °C-1)		 平均灌浆速率
Average filling rate
(g °C-1)		 生理成熟期
百粒重
100-KDWPM (g)
灌浆期有效积温EATFP (°C) 1 -0.895** -0.784* 0.505 0.637 0.817*
总脱水速率TDR (% °C-1) 1 0.842** -0.402 -0.356 -0.555
籽粒最大含水率到成熟的脱水速率
DRDRMGWCPM (% °C-1)		 1 -0.024 -0.466 -0.600
籽粒最大含水率到成熟的灌浆速率
FRDRMGWCPM (g °C-1)		 1 0.554 0.586
平均灌浆速率
Average filling rate (g °C-1)		 1 0.962**
生理成熟期百粒重100-KDWPM (g) 1

Table 7

Correlation analysis of moisture content change in grain and other organs from 25 days after silking to maturity under planting density of 75 000 plants hm-2"

年份
Year		 品种
Hybrid		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 苞叶
Bract		 穗轴
Cob
2016 DH518 0.904* 0.961** 0.985** 0.959**
HZ8 -0.285 0.844 0.854 0.763
ZD958 0.918* 0.933* 0.996** 0.977**
DH605 0.868* 0.874* 0.936** 0.901**
2017 DH518 0.968** 0.806* 0.923** 0.877**
HZ8 0.786* 0.845* 0.947** 0.944**
ZD958 0.777* 0.799* 0.969** 0.990**
DH605 0.908* 0.869** 0.970** 0.922**
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