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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (09): 1679-1686.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01679

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Responses of Plant Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Nitrogen Fertilization Rate among Rice Varieties Released from Different Years in Liaoning Province

LI Zhi-Jie1,ZHANG Zhen-Ping2,ZHANG Yi3,DENG Ai-Xing1,SONG Zhen-Wei1,ZHENG Cheng-Yan1,ZHANG Wei-Jian1,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology, Physiology & Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110034, China; 3 Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Received:2013-01-07 Revised:2013-06-07 Online:2013-09-12 Published:2013-07-09
  • Contact: 张卫建, E-mail: zhangweijian@caas.cn, Tel: 010-62156856

Abstract:

To study the changes of rice plant productivity and resource use efficiency during the variety improvement eras can benefit future genetic improvement and agronomic innovation for high-yield with high-efficiency. A field experiment was conducted at Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, with 12 leading Japonica rice varieties released during 1950–2010 period under five nitrogen application rates. Our results showed that the highest biomass production and grain yield of the varieties released after 1990 were significantly higher than those of the ones released before 1989. The increases in grain number per panicle contributed to the main parts of historical improvement of rice yield. The amounts of N application for the highest yields of the varieties released after 1990 were significantly higher than those released before 1989, while there were no significant differences in plant productivity under the low N application rate among all the varieties. For all the N treatments, agronomic efficiency (AE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) increased with the years, however, there were no consistent trends of physiological efficiency (PE) and recovery efficiency (RE) among the years. Grain N concentrations decreased with the time, while no consistent trends were found in the changes of leaf and stem N concentrations. For all the varieties released in different years, plant N concentration increased and N use efficiencies (NUE: AE, PFP, PE and RE) decreased with increasing N application rate. The efficiencies of varieties released after 1990 were significantly greater than those released before 1989 at high N application rates, while there were no significant differences in NUE between varieties at low N application rate. These results demonstrate that genomic improvement and nitrogen application increasing have simultaneously contributed to the enhancement of rice productivity, though the progresses scales of rice productivity enhancement and NUE improvement are different. More efforts need to be paid in the new variety breeding and agronomic innovation for high-yield with high-efficiency in Liaoning Province.

Key words: Genetic improvement, Agronomy innovation, Food security, Resource use efficiency, Japonica rice in North China, Nitrogen application

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