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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1593-1602.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02036

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparison of tolerances to nitrogen fertilizer between compact and loose hybrid indica rice varieties

YANG Zhi-Yuan1(), SHU Chuan-Hai1, ZHANG Rong-Ping2, YANG Guo-Tao2, WANG Ming-Tian3, QIN Jian4, SUN Yong-Jian1, MA Jun1, LI Na1,*()   

  1. 1Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 611000, Sichuan, China
    3Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Service, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
    4Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-05-23 Accepted:2021-01-11 Online:2021-08-12 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: LI Na E-mail:dreamislasting@163.com;lina1409bs@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301706);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301701);Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(18ZA0390)

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Abstract:

To explore the tolerances of compact hybrid rice (CHR) and loose hybrid rice (LHR) varieties to nitrogen fertilizer, three split-plot designed experiments were applied with main plot of four rice varieties (Longliangyou 1206, CHR; Y Liangyou 1, CHR; Yixiangyou 2115, LHR; and Fyou 498, LHR), and the sub-plot contained four N application rates (0 kg hm-2, N0; 90 kg hm-2, N90; 150 kg hm-2, N150; and 210 kg hm-2, N210). The results revealed that CHR was more tolerant to high nitrogen than LHR, and when the applied nitrogen was not higher than 150 kg hm-2, the yields of LHR were higher than those of CHR. When the applied nitrogen reached 210 kg hm-2, the single panicle weight advantage of CHR increased to 14.46%, while the effective panicle disadvantage decreased to 12.46%, then the yield of CHR was 1.43% higher than that of LHR. Partial least squares regression analysis showed that peak seedlings, growth rate from elongation to heading stage, leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient (K-value) which characterized the degree of leaf stretching were positive contributions to CHR and LHR. The effective panicle rate at elongation and heading stages contributed negatively to the yield, but had the opposite effect on the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Except K-value, the other indicators contributed similarly to yield, as did the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Under N0 and N90, LAI and K-values of CHR were smaller than LHR, and the radiation interception rate was also lower than LHR. When nitrogen applied increased from 150 kg hm-2 to 210 kg hm-2, the K-value of CHR increased significantly, while LHR almost unchanged, resulting in the higher radiation interception rate at heading stage of CHR than LHR, indicating that the leaf stretching of CHR was sensitive to high nitrogen.

Key words: rice, compact hybrid rice, loose hybrid rice, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen tolerance

Table 1

Meteorological conditions of two experimental locations during whole growth stages in rice"

地点
Location		 年份
Year		 全生育期降雨量 全生育期日照时数
Total sunshine hours of WGS (h)		 全生育期日平均温度
Average diurnal temperature of WGS (℃)
Total rainfall of WGS (mm)
绵阳 Mianyang 2016 426.0 757.3 23.88
成都 Chengdu 2017 538.8 630.3 22.32
成都 Chengdu 2018 571.4 648.2 22.51

Table 2

Average values of selected soil characteristics from composite topsoil samples in the experimental locations from 2016 to 2018"

地点
Location		 年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
绵阳 Mianyang 2016 22.38 1.89 98.45 21.89 101.22
成都 Chengdu 2017 24.55 2.11 118.04 28.91 109.23
成都 Chengdu 2018 21.72 2.01 102.45 24.04 98.67

Table 3

Main characteristic parameters of yield and plant type in experimental varieties"

类型
Type		 品种
Variety		 有效
穗数Panicle m-2		 单穗
重量Panicle weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(g m-2)		 农学利用率AEN
(kg kg-1)		 叶张角
Leaf opening angel		 叶基角
Leaf basal angel		 叶片披垂度
Leaf drooping degree
剑叶Flag leaf 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top
CHR LLY 191.38 b 5.05 b 968 b 19.85 b 13.17 d 17.08 b 19.13 b 11.10 c 14.22 b 17.84 b 2.07 b 2.86 b 1.29 b
YLY 167.32 c 6.44 a 1078 a 24.98 a 14.09 c 17.95 b 19.73 b 11.80 bc 14.96 b 18.87 b 2.29 b 2.99 b 1.36 b
LHR YXY 203.70 a 4.78 b 974 b 20.30 b 18.34 b 24.04 a 27.09 a 13.14 b 18.09 a 23.21 a 5.20 a 5.95 a 3.88 a
FY 186.02 b 6.16 a 1146 a 25.88 a 20.77 a 25.64 a 27.68 a 15.12 a 18.41 a 23.62 a 5.65 a 7.23 a 4.06 a

Table 4

Analysis of variance of grain yield, panicles, panicle weight, NAE, LAI, and K-value at full heading stage"

项目
Item		 产量
Grain yield		 有效穗数Panicles 单穗重量Panicle weight 氮肥农学利用率
AEN		 稻株叶面积指数
LAI at full heading stage		 稻株叶片消光系数
K-value at full heading stage
品种(V) 8.86* 318.66*** 305.36*** 4.11 ns 580.71*** 20.65**
施氮量(N) 748.17*** 1363.77*** 108.12*** 12.86*** 219.77*** 19.10***
年份(Y) 30.07** 45.63*** 8.55* 2.73 ns 95.67*** 1.33 ns
V × N 5.05** 23.72*** 14.65*** 1.72 ns 3.29* 8.22***
V × Y 0.62 ns 0.06 ns 2.84 ns 0.05 ns 1.81 ns 0.12 ns
N × Y 0.82 ns 0.70 ns 0.27 ns 0.29 ns 0.40 ns 0.92 ns
V × N × Y 0.07 ns 0.29 ns 0.17 ns 0.03 ns 0.18 ns 0.84 ns

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and yield components in two rice variety types"

品种类型
Variety type		 施氮处理
N treatment		 2016 2017 2018
有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice (CHR)		 N0 127.6 d 5.23 c 6677 d 126.28 d 5.26 d 6651 d 122.14 d 5.11 c 6242 d
N90 149.03 c 6.03 a 8988 c 142.73 c 6.23 a 8831 c 142.83 c 5.93 a 8471 c
N150 174.27 b 5.85 ab 10,189 b 170.14 b 5.97 b 10,251 b 170.00 b 5.77 a 9801 b
N210 203.83 a 5.65 b 11,520 a 204.02 a 5.68 c 11,340 a 199.03 a 5.40 b 10,757 a
平均值Average 163.68 5.69 9343 160.79 5.79 9268 158.50 5.55 8818
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice (LHR)		 N0 144.44 d 5.11 b 7378 c 139.51 d 5.00 bc 7016 d 137.19 d 5.00 bc 6857 c
N90 165.1 c 5.82 a 9593 b 159.1 c 5.80 a 9159 c 160.29 c 5.67 a 9084 b
N150 212.31 b 5.19 b 11,017 a 208.38 b 5.21 b 10,570 b 203.31 b 5.12 b 10,401 a
N210 227.55 a 4.94 b 11,239 a 231.06 a 4.89 c 11,176 a 223.89 a 4.79 c 10,721 a
平均值Average 187.35 5.26 9807 184.51 5.22 9480 181.17 5.14 9266
F值
F-value		 V 728.70** 42.03** 22.64* 3342.60** 587.96** 58.58* 150.02** 38.71** 5.23 ns
N 393.50** 30.33** 163.76** 757.14** 53.67** 304.18** 393.38** 46.81** 250.32**
V×N 7.99** 6.22** 2.87 ns 16.83** 5.72* 1.29 ns 5.04* 6.66** 1.90 ns

Fig. 1

Tillering characteristics of two rice types with different nitrogen rates The left side of the two adjacent bars represents the jointing stage, and the right side represents the heading stage. CHR: compact hybrid rice; LHR: loose hybrid rice."

Fig. 2

Growth rate of two rice types with different nitrogen rates from jointing stage to heading stage CHR: compact hybrid rice; LHR: loose hybrid rice. ns P ≥ 0.05; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05."

Table 6

Effects of nitrogen rates on LAI, RIR, and K-value of the whole plant in two rice types"

品种类型Variety type 施氮处理
N treatment		 2016 2017 2018
叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K		 叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K		 叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice (CHR)		 N0 6.04 c 78.34 d 0.25 c 5.60 d 77.26 c 0.27 b 5.61 c 77.00 c 0.26 a
N90 6.90 b 84.05 c 0.27 c 6.36 c 82.14 c 0.27 b 6.40 b 82.98 b 0.28 a
N150 7.57 a 92.04 b 0.34 b 6.83 b 88.95 b 0.33 b 7.15 a 91.39 a 0.35 a
N210 8.05 a 95.97 a 0.40 a 7.48 a 96.23 a 0.45 a 7.58 a 93.10 a 0.35 a
平均Average 7.14 87.60 0.32 6.57 86.15 0.33 6.68 86.12 0.31
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice (LHR)		 N0 6.87 d 83.87 c 0.27 a 6.04 d 80.95 b 0.28 a 6.34 d 81.98 c 0.27 b
N90 7.72 c 87.55 b 0.27 a 7.21 c 87.30 a 0.29 a 7.28 c 87.18 b 0.29 b
N150 8.71 b 90.76 b 0.27 a 7.78 b 89.04 a 0.30 a 8.12 b 89.35 ab 0.28 a
N210 9.34 a 94.55 a 0.32 a 8.61 a 92.26 a 0.30 a 8.81 a 92.17 a 0.29 a
平均Average 8.16 89.18 0.28 7.41 87.38 0.29 7.64 87.67 0.28
F值
F value		 V 160.52** 25.69** 4.26 ns 747.58** 1.87 ns 14.27 ns 146.40** 1.88 ns 6.17 ns
N 71.83** 57.50** 12.69** 80.81** 19.71** 4.62* 69.36** 75.30** 8.67**
V×N 1.02 ns 4.52* 2.93 ns 1.96 ns 1.98 ns 2.98 ns 0.82 ns 6.92** 6.16**

Fig. 3

Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of two rice variety types The three adjacent bars superscripted by lowercase different letters represent significantly different at P < 0.05 among N treatments. CHR: compact hybrid rice; LHR: loose hybrid rice."

Table 7

Linear regression equations of LAI and K-value on radiation interception rate at heading stage"

品种类型
Variety type		 指标
Trait		 标准回归系数
Standard regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2
紧凑型杂交稻 叶面积指数 LAI 0.553** 0.960**
Compact hybrid rice 消光系数 K 0.503**
松散型杂交稻 叶面积指数 LAI 0.736** 0.960**
Loose hybrid rice 消光系数 K 0.521**

Table 8

Contribution of morphology-related indicators to yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer"

品种类型
Variety type		 指标
Trait		 产量 Grain yield 氮肥农学利用率 AEN
标准偏回归系数
Standard partial regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2		 标准偏回归系数
Standard partial regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice		 高峰苗 Peak tiller number 0.1796 0.8325** 0.1188 0.3639**
成穗率 Ear-bearing tiller percentage -0.1776 0.1174
拔节至抽穗生长速率
Growth rate from jointing to heading		 0.1661 -0.1098
抽穗期有效穗占比
Ear-bearing tiller percentage at heading		 -0.1724 0.114
叶面积指数 LAI 0.1498 -0.099
消光系数 K 0.1501 -0.0992
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice		 高峰苗 Peak tiller number 0.1806 0.6351** -0.1454 0.4117**
成穗率 Ear-bearing tiller percentage -0.1622 0.1306
拔节至抽穗生长速率
Growth rate from jointing to heading		 0.1605 -0.1292
抽穗期有效穗占比
Ear-bearing tiller percentage at heading		 -0.1758 0.1416
叶面积指数 LAI 0.1631 -0.1313
消光系数 K 0.0574 -0.0462
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