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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1581-1592.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04160

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of rhizosphere bacterial community diversity to salt stress in peanut

DAI Liang-Xiang1(), XU Yang1, ZHANG Guan-Chu1, SHI Xiao-Long2, QIN Fei-Fei1, DING Hong1,*(), ZHANG Zhi-Meng1,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-07-17 Accepted:2021-01-13 Online:2021-08-12 Published:2021-02-18
  • Contact: DING Hong,ZHANG Zhi-Meng E-mail:liangxiangd@163.com;dingpeanut@163.com;qinhdao@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971856);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971854);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901574);Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-04-06);Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018B05)

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Abstract:

To characterize the peanut rhizosphere bacteria community in response to salt stress, a pot experiment was performed with different salt concentrations. The peanut rhizosphere soils at flowering and mature stages were sampled to extract DNA for constructing bacterial 16S rRNA gene library, and then high-throughput sequencing was performed for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla, and the orders Saccharimonadales, Betaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Gemmatimonadales, and Rhizobiales were dominated in the peanut rhizosphere soils. Comparisons of the bacterial community structure of peanuts revealed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria dramatically increased, while that of Actinobacteria decreased in salt-treated soils, and the fluctuation increased with the increase of the salt concentration. Moreover, applying calcium fertilizer under salt stress increased the abundance of Betaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadales, and Sphingomonadales, which were affected by salt stress, growth stages, and exogenous calcium application. Cluster analysis revealed that the dominant bacteria of soil groups with high salt concentration were similar and clustered together, while the soil samples of the same growth period were similar and clustered together according to the bacterial structure at the genus level under non-salt stress conditions. Bacterial community structure differed in the growth stages and soil salt concentrations, whereas the differences of soil groups with or without calcium application were relatively small. Function prediction analysis indicated that the sequences related to secondary metabolites, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and amino acid and lipid metabolism were enriched in high salt-treated soils. The functional groups increased significantly during the fast-growth period, low salt stress, and basal calcium fertilizer treatments, which may play an important role on the growth and stress response in peanut. This study of microbial communities could lay the foundation for future improvement of stress tolerance of peanuts via modification of the soil microbes.

Key words: peanut (Arachis hypogaea), salt stress, rhizosphere, soil microbial community, 16S rRNA gene

Table 1

Effects of calcium fertilizer application on peanut yield and its components under salt stress"

处理
Treatment		 出米率
Kernel rate to pod (%)		 百果质量
100-pod mass (g)		 百仁质量
100-kernel mass (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
CK-HCK 64.70 a 164.67 b 88.78 a 5681.1 b
CY0-HCY0 65.42 a 180.19 a 89.59 a 7189.5 a
CY1-HCY1 65.52 a 143.36 c 72.88 b 3870.6 c
CY2-HCY2 61.15 b 100.95 d 53.09 c 2904.6 d

Table 2

Sequencing quantity of each sample after removing doubtful sequences"

处理
Treatment		 有效序列数目Seq_num 碱基数
Base_num		 样本序列平均长度
Mean_length		 最短序列长度Min_length 最长序列长度Max_length
CK 118,642.0 52,865,549 445.7210 222.00 482.00
CY0 174,409.0 78,663,396 451.0489 219.00 482.00
CY1 157,500.0 71,203,933 452.0910 201.50 482.00
CY2 168,392.0 75,848,924 450.3773 138.00 482.00
HCK 133,998.0 60,111,521 448.5154 200.00 482.00
HCY0 154,447.5 69,251,925 448.3878 182.00 482.00
HCY1 152,938.5 68,605,609 448.5900 215.50 482.00
HCY2 127,455.5 57,443,681 450.6802 190.50 482.00

Fig. 1

Venn diagram of OTUs in peanuts soil samples of under different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Rarefaction curves Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 3

Alpha diversity index of rhizosphere soil samples in each treatment"

处理
Treatment		 丰富度指数
Richness index		 测序深度指数
Sequencing depth		 多样性指数
Diversity index
ACE chao coverage Shannon Simpson sobs
CK 3448.5655 3522.3969 0.9894 6.9797 0.002,170 3113.00
CY0 3661.0442 3715.9220 0.9943 7.1144 0.001,946 3428.50
CY1 3599.9666 3662.6245 0.9955 6.9930 0.002,021 3358.00
CY2 3684.9950 3762.5793 0.9930 6.9466 0.002,337 3364.00
HCK 3548.6551 3594.1464 0.9895 6.5863 0.005,682 3170.50
HCY0 3581.6755 3618.1750 0.9924 6.5738 0.005,456 3246.50
HCY1 3658.1430 3695.8227 0.9917 6.8209 0.003,160 3305.00
HCY2 3562.4287 3633.2745 0.9890 6.9478 0.002,281 3182.50

Fig. 3

Microflora structure from all samples at the phylum level and the differences of dominant bacteria groups Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively."

Fig. 4

Histogram and heatmap of microflora structure from samples at the level of order and the differences of dominant bacteria groups Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively."

Fig. 5

Histogram and heatmap of microflora structure from ten samples at the level of genus Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 6

Beta diversity analysis Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 7

KEGG analysis of microbial functional in soil microbial flora Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

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