绿洲灌区麦后复种绿肥并还田对翌年玉米根系性状及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23036

Abstract

Abstract:

Long leisure time, high evaporation, and low water use efficiency in fallow period are the most prominent constraints for crop production in the northwest arid oasis irrigated agricultural region. In this study, the relationship between maize root traits and its water utilization under different green manure returning methods were investigated in this area. To determine the effects of different returning methods of green manure on soil water storage, root traits and water use efficiency of maize, a field experiment was carried out in a typical oasis irrigation region from 2020 to 2021. The treatments included tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil (TG), no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface (NTG), harvesting and removing above ground green manure and tillage with root incorporated in the soil (T), no-tillage with above ground green manure harvested and removed (NT), and conventional tillage and fallow without green manure after spring wheat harvest (CT). The results indicated NTG and TG significantly increased soil water storage in 0-110 cm soil layer. Compared with CT, the average water storage of NTG and TG during the whole growth period increased by 14.0%-15.0% and 8.8%-12.0%, respectively. Compared with CT, the NTG and TG treatments increased root length (20.7%-26.0% and 19.9%-28.5%), root surface area (43.0%-52.9% and 41.3%-58.7%), root volume (45.7%-46.7% and 40.6%-46.7%), and root dry weight (48.0%-51.5% and 41.9%-50.2%), respectively. The NTG and TG significantly increased maize grain yield and its water use efficiency. Compared with CT, maize grain yield of NTG and TG increased 15.4%-34.3% and 19.1%-32.0%, the WUE of NTG and TG increased 19.5%-39.2% and 20.5%-34.8%, respectively. The root length and root surface area were positively related to soil water storage at maize jointing, tasseling, and silking stages. The root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry weight were positively related with WUE at jointing, big trumpet, and silking stages. In conclusion, this study suggested the full quantity of green manure returned in the field was beneficial to increase soil water storage, optimize root traits, and thus improving the yield and water use efficiency in maize. Among them, no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface was recommend as a feasible green manure returning method in the oasis irrigation area.

Key words: rotation, green manure, maize, root, water use efficiency

WANG Yu-Long, YU Ai-Zhong, LYU Han-Qiang, LYU Yi-Tong, SU Xiang-Xiang, WANG Peng-Fei, CHAI Jian. Effects of green manure replanting and returning after wheat on following year’s maize root traits and water use efficiency in oasis irrigation area[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(5): 1350-1362.

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处理代码 Treatment code	处理 Treatment
TG	绿肥全量翻压 Tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil
NTG	绿肥地表覆盖免耕 No-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface
T	绿肥地上部移除根茬翻压 Tillage with root incorporated in the soil and above ground green manure removed
NT	绿肥地上部移除免耕 No-tillage with above ground manure removed
CT	传统翻耕、休闲 Conventional tillage and leisure

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	吐丝期 Silking stage
2020	CT	1266 b	5251 c	6302 d
	NT	1305 b	5293 b	6868 cd
	NTG	2436 a	6618 a	11,014 a
	T	1406 b	5302 b	7163 c
	TG	2544 a	6552 a	9892 b
2021	CT	1056 c	4002 c	5705 d
	NT	1045 c	4411 b	6951 c
	NTG	2176 a	5410 a	10,557 a
	T	1042 c	4503 b	6544 cd
	TG	1816 b	5601 a	9893 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	吐丝期 Silking stage
2020	CT	572 e	1347 b	2101 b
	NT	646 d	1393 b	2294 b
	NTG	1003 a	2002 a	3584 a
	T	675 c	1387 b	2020 b
	TG	974 b	1919 a	3301 a
2021	CT	383 b	1056 d	1621 d
	NT	481 b	1323 c	2026 c
	NTG	814 a	1758 a	3413 a
	T	451 b	1405 c	2056 c
	TG	927 a	1658 b	2812 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	吐丝期 Silking stage
2020	CT	19 c	42 c	51 bc
	NT	22 b	44 c	52 b
	NTG	35 a	63 a	106 a
	T	22 b	43 c	46 c
	TG	32 a	54 b	101 a
2021	CT	16 b	38 b	39 c
	NT	19 b	41 b	46 c
	NTG	30 a	49 a	94 a
	T	16 b	42 b	48 c
	TG	30 a	54 a	68 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage	大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	吐丝期 Silking stage
2020	CT	3 c	14 c	14 c
	NT	3 bc	14 c	15 c
	NTG	7 a	19 a	28 a
	T	4 b	15 b	19 b
	TG	7 a	18 a	29 a
2021	CT	2 c	9 c	12 c
	NT	4 bc	9 c	17 b
	NTG	6 a	14 a	26 a
	T	3 bc	10 c	17 b
	TG	5 ab	12 b	23 a

Effects of green manure replanting and returning after wheat on following year’s maize root traits and water use efficiency in oasis irrigation area

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根系性状 Root trait	相关系数Correlation coefficient
根系性状 Root trait	拔节期Jointing stage	大喇叭口期Tasseling stage	吐丝期Silking stage
根长Root length	0.937^**	0.928^**	0.941^**
根表面积Root surface area	0.934^**	0.884^**	0.959^**
根体积Root volume	0.913^**	0.909^**	0.900^**
根干重Dry weight of root	0.936^**	0.918^**	0.958^**

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