施氮量对甘薯块根膨大过程中淀粉含量及特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24087

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on starch contents and properties during storage root expansion of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), two sweetpotato cultivars (‘Xinxiang’ and ‘Shangshu 19’) were taken as the experimental materials, and three nitrogen fertilizer application rates (0 kg hm^-2 (CK), 57.5 kg hm^-2 (N1), and 115 kg hm^-2 (N2)) were designed and conducted on the day of planting. To investigate the changes of starch content, starch gelatinization properties, starch dynamic rheological properties, gel texture properties, and amylase activity in sweetpotato storage roots during storage root expansion, the storage root samples were collected at the 60th, 80th, 100th, 120th, and 140th days after planting. Results were as follows: (1) Nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase the starch content of two cultivars during storage root expansion, but significantly reduce the hot paste viscosity (HPV), cold paste viscosity (CPV), and setback viscosity (SBV) of starch gelatinization properties of ‘Xinxiang’ at the initial stage of storage root expansion (IES), and significantly decrease the HPV, CPV, and SBV of ‘Shangshu 19’, while remarkably increase the HPV, CPV, and SBV of ‘Xinxiang’ at the late-expanding stage of storage root expansion (LES). (2) The hardness and chewiness of starch gel under three nitrogen fertilizer application treatments gradually decreased during storage root expansion. Among them, N2 treatment could significantly improve the hardness of gel of sweetpotatoes at LES. (3) The starch gel of two cultivars exhibit elastic properties. N1 and N2 treatments could increase the storage modulus and loss modulus of ‘Xinxiang’ whereas reduce the storage modulus and loss modulus of ‘Shangshu 19’. (4) Nitrogen fertilizer application rates reduced the amylase activity at IES, but increased the amylase activity at LES of the two cultivars. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer application rate obviously affected the starch contents and properties of sweetpotatoes during storage root expansion. Moreover, ‘Shangshu 19’ with 115 kg hm^-2 of nitrogen fertilizer application rate harvesting on 120 days after planting, which was conducive to the processing properties of sweetpotato starch. In conclusion, reasonable nitrogen application and timely harvest were beneficial to the accumulation and quality improvement of sweetpotato starch.

Key words: sweetpotato, nitrogen fertilizer, storage root expansion stage, starch, physicochemical properties

WU Shi-Yu, CHEN Kuang-Ji, LYU Zun-Fu, XU Xi-Ming, PANG Lin-Jiang, LU Guo-Quan. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on starch contents and properties during storage root expansion in sweetpotato[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 1090-1101.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Table 1

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on starch gelatinization properties during storage root expansion in ‘Xinxiang’"

栽插后天数 Days after planting	处理 Treatment	最高黏度 PKV (RVU)	最低黏度 HPV (RVU)	崩解值 BDV (RVU)	最终黏度 CPV (RVU)	消减值 SBV (RVU)	峰值时间 T (min)	糊化温度 PT (℃)
60 d	CK	466.09±4.48 a	286.09±5.42 a	180.00±0.95 c	368.17±1.29 a	-97.92±3.18 a	4.74±0.09 a	82.80±1.63 a
	N1	463.88±9.72 a	255.67±5.30 b	208.21±4.42 b	324.34±3.77 b	-139.54±5.95 b	4.60±0.00 ab	82.73±0.53 a
	N2	479.96±0.30 a	243.50±2.23 b	236.46±1.94 a	314.29±3.13 c	-165.67±2.83 c	4.50±0.04 b	82.83±0.39 a
80 d	CK	498.88±4.18 a	296.04±2.42 a	202.83±1.77 b	382.34±5.89 a	-116.54±1.71 a	4.64±0.05 a	82.33±1.03 a
	N1	478.58±9.19 a	257.59±4.01 b	221.00±5.19 a	330.67±3.06 b	-147.92±6.13 b	4.57±0.05 ab	82.00±0.49 a
	N2	480.09±10.02 a	245.21±3.95 c	234.88±6.07 a	313.29±5.71 c	-166.79±4.30 c	4.47±0.00 b	82.78±0.53 a
100 d	CK	484.29±8.08 a	259.21±0.41 a	225.09±7.66 ab	344.34±0.94 a	-139.96±9.02 a	4.60±0.00 a	83.13±0.04 a
	N1	488.29±3.83 a	242.96±0.53 b	245.34±3.30 a	320.09±3.06 b	-168.21±6.89 b	4.33±0.00 b	82.43±0.04 a
	N2	469.21±5.36 a	245.25±2.23 b	223.96±7.60 c	323.92±3.54 b	-145.29±1.82 a	4.60±0.10 a	82.80±0.42 a
120 d	CK	421.71±3.24 b	209.58±2.47 a	212.13±0.77 b	280.83±4.60 a	-140.88±7.84 a	4.44±0.05 a	83.13±0.04 a
	N1	455.46±4.07 ab	214.83±3.54 a	240.63±7.60 ab	282.63±5.37 a	-172.84±1.29 b	4.34±0.09 a	81.65±1.20 a
	N2	494.34±27.46 a	229.75±12.84 a	264.59±14.62 a	307.50±14.03 a	-186.83±13.44 b	4.37±0.05 a	82.38±0.04 a
140 d	CK	515.67±1.18 a	219.25±2.83 b	296.42±4.01 a	312.00±2.01 c	-203.67±3.18 c	4.53±0.00 a	82.28±0.04 b
	N1	511.50±8.13 a	269.63±5.48 a	241.88±2.65 c	375.17±1.65 a	-136.34±6.48 a	4.67±0.00 a	85.45±0.00 a
	N2	515.46±5.71 a	263.34±4.83 a	252.13±0.88 b	341.79±0.76 b	-173.67±4.95 b	4.67±0.09 a	83.90±1.06 ab

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on starch gelatinization properties during storage root expansion in ‘Shangshu 19’"

栽插后天数 Days after planting	处理 Treatment	最高黏度 PKV (RVU)	最低黏度 HPV (RVU)	崩解值 BDV (RVU)	最终黏度 CPV (RVU)	消减值 SBV (RVU)	峰值时间 T (min)	糊化温度 PT (℃)
60 d	CK	452.00±3.65 a	232.88±1.24 a	219.13±2.41 a	300.96±3.59 a	-151.04±0.06 a	4.53±0.00 a	83.60±0.49 a
	N1	456.84±2.71 a	247.29±2.53 a	209.55±0.18 a	315.00±4.95 a	-141.84±2.24 a	4.50±0.04 a	83.60±0.64 a
	N2	435.50±24.28 a	230.96±11.26 a	204.54±13.02 a	299.92±10.02 a	-135.59±14.26 a	4.57±0.05 a	84.05±0.07 a
80 d	CK	470.83±40.66 a	240.67±11.79 a	230.17±28.87 a	320.04±21.62 a	-150.79±19.04 a	4.50±0.04 a	83.18±0.04 b
	N1	458.96±4.89 a	247.63±0.18 a	211.34±5.07 a	312.50±6.83 a	-146.46±11.72 a	4.50±0.04 a	83.60±0.64 b
	N2	458.67±8.96 a	244.63±0.88 a	214.04±8.08 a	318.04±1.47 a	-140.63±7.49 a	4.64±0.05 a	85.20±0.57 a
100 d	CK	475.38±7.95 b	238.59±0.23 a	236.79±8.19 b	307.09±6.84 a	-168.29±1.12 a	4.64±0.05 a	85.25±0.57 a
	N1	491.63±0.42 a	233.50±1.41 a	258.13±1.00 a	297.79±1.71 a	-193.83±2.12 b	4.53±0.00 a	85.23±0.39 a
	N2	469.75±2.12 b	226.13±3.36 b	243.63±1.24 ab	297.09±3.30 a	-172.67±1.18 a	4.57±0.05 a	85.58±0.04 a
120 d	CK	492.29±4.54 a	210.59±6.95 a	281.71±2.42 a	270.04±2.88 a	-222.25±1.65 b	4.30±0.04 a	84.40±0.57 a
	N1	486.17±28.99 a	215.21±5.13 a	270.96±23.86 a	287.54±16.21a	-198.63±12.79 ab	4.40±0.10 a	83.58±0.53 a
	N2	456.50±10.61 a	206.63±6.07 a	249.88±4.53 a	273.50±7.67 a	-183.00±2.94 a	4.47±0.00 a	85.15±0.57 a
140 d	CK	495.42±0.35 b	239.17±0.83 a	256.25±0.47 b	309.34±3.42 a	-186.09±3.06 a	4.90±0.04 a	88.13±0.60 a
	N1	474.17±2.47 c	209.59±3.66 c	264.59±1.18 b	272.88±2.18 c	-201.29±0.30 b	4.64±0.05 b	83.15±0.07 b
	N2	511.92±1.53 a	222.63±3.12 b	289.29±4.65 a	289.79±6.07 b	-222.13±4.53 c	4.57±0.05 b	83.10±1.13 b

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 5

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栽插后天数 Days after planting	处理 Treatment	硬度 Hardness (N)	咀嚼性 Chewiness (J)	黏聚性 Cohesiveness	回复性 Resilience (G)
60 d	CK	22.39±3.97 a	12.21±3.36 a	0.85±0.07 a	0.65±0.12 a
	N1	14.45±2.12 b	7.90±2.20 a	0.92±0.03 a	0.75±0.04 a
	N2	15.97±2.25 b	8.71±4.20 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.76±0.01 a
80 d	CK	17.65±2.31 a	16.23±2.33 a	0.92±0.02 b	0.76±0.03 a
	N1	10.62±0.53 b	10.50±0.75 b	0.99±0.04 a	0.73±0.02 a
	N2	11.18±0.86 b	10.99±1.02 b	0.98±0.05 a	0.73±0.03 a
100 d	CK	11.14±0.86 a	12.20±1.30 a	1.09±0.05 a	0.70±0.02 a
	N1	12.08±0.94 a	13.04±0.96 a	1.08±0.06 a	0.72±0.02 a
	N2	11.85±1.63 a	13.03±1.37 a	1.11±0.06 a	0.71±0.04 a
120 d	CK	8.52±0.75 a	9.39±1.23 a	1.10±0.07 a	0.70±0.03 a
	N1	7.27±1.07 a	8.40±0.83 a	1.17±0.08 a	0.68±0.06 a
	N2	7.24±0.81 a	8.69±0.64 a	1.21±0.07 a	0.65±0.04 a
140 d	CK	4.11±0.54 c	4.14±0.59 a	1.01±0.02 a	0.64±0.05 b
	N1	6.32±0.14 a	5.39±1.54 a	0.96±0.03 a	0.74±0.01 a
	N2	5.24±0.55 b	5.12±0.75 a	0.97±0.07 a	0.67±0.04 b

栽插后天数 Days after planting	处理 Treatment	硬度 Hardness (N)	咀嚼性 Chewiness (J)	黏聚性 Cohesiveness	回复性 Resilience (G)
60 d	CK	23.83±1.18 a	12.14±4.06 a	0.84±0.03 a	0.67±0.02 a
	N1	22.46±4.18 a	15.45±5.03 a	0.83±0.07 a	0.69±0.06 a
	N2	20.31±3.07 a	13.81±7.21 a	0.89±0.03 a	0.73±0.03 a
80 d	CK	16.33±1.83 b	15.47±1.99 b	0.95±0.06 a	0.72±0.03 a
	N1	18.34±1.29 b	17.29±1.16 ab	0.94±0.02 a	0.70±0.01 a
	N2	24.99±2.01 a	19.05±1.32 a	0.77±0.06 b	0.58±0.05 b
栽插后天数 Days after planting	处理 Treatment	硬度 Hardness (N)	咀嚼性 Chewiness (J)	黏聚性 Cohesiveness	回复性 Resilience (G)
100 d	CK	19.80±1.18 b	19.63±1.57 b	0.99±0.07 a	0.72±0.01 a
	N1	23.87±1.53 a	22.25±1.41 a	0.93±0.05 a	0.70±0.01 b
	N2	20.61±1.90 b	19.87±1.43 b	0.97±0.03 a	0.69±0.01 b
120 d	CK	6.05±0.71 b	6.22±0.58 b	1.03±0.03 a	0.68±0.03 ab
	N1	6.20±1.53 b	6.07±1.19 b	0.99±0.06 a	0.64±0.07 b
	N2	8.78±0.71 a	8.69±0.61 a	0.99±0.02 a	0.73±0.02 a
140 d	CK	4.94±0.35 b	4.31±1.37 b	0.99±0.06 a	0.66±0.01 b
	N1	5.81±1.18 ab	5.69±1.23 ab	0.98±0.03 a	0.70±0.05 ab
	N2	6.50±0.82 a	6.33±0.59 a	0.98±0.04 a	0.73±0.03 a

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆
X₂	0.461^*
X₃	0.027	0.719^**
X₄	-0.169	-0.634^**	-0.699^**
X₅	-0.077	-0.453^*	-0.646^**	0.891^**
X₆	0.388^*	0.711^**	0.403^*	-0.650^**	-0.366^*
X₇	0.173	-0.187	-0.287	0.121	0.148	-0.133
X₈	0.172	0.450^*	0.434^*	-0.542^**	-0.413^*	0.243	-0.011
X₉	0.035	-0.228	-0.382^*	0.311	0.245	-0.410^*	0.255	0.184
X₁₀	0.121	0.574^**	0.644^**	-0.666^**	-0.537^**	0.511^**	-0.278	0.624^**	-0.566^**
X₁₁	0.173	-0.073	-0.283	0.209	0.159	-0.285	0.233	0.243	0.946^**	-0.497^**
X₁₂	0.018	-0.368^*	-0.511^**	0.544^**	0.431^*	-0.446^*	0.332	-0.435^*	0.679^**	-0.922^**	0.666^**
X₁₃	-0.142	-0.013	0.089	0.074	-0.009	-0.380^*	0.047	0.183	0.537^**	-0.241	0.499^**	0.362^*
X₁₄	-0.409^*	-0.124	0.083	0.176	0.167	-0.307	-0.145	-0.064	-0.128	0.136	-0.257	-0.093	0.287
X₁₅	-0.257	-0.111	-0.089	0.184	0.313	0.117	-0.222	0.000	-0.042	0.068	-0.139	-0.126	-0.145	0.155
X₁₆	-0.529^**	-0.364^*	-0.236	0.219	0.231	-0.178	-0.110	0.074	0.176	-0.061	0.018	-0.006	0.118	0.245	0.813^**
X₁₇	-0.113	-0.115	0.015	-0.257	-0.407^*	-0.233	0.141	0.243	0.092	0.089	0.086	-0.044	0.223	0.039	-0.685^**	-0.215

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on starch contents and properties during storage root expansion in sweetpotato

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