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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2228-2241.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14166

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 177 sweetpotato landrace

YAO Zhu-Fang(), ZHANG Xiong-Jian, YANG Yi-Ling, HUANG Li-Fei, CHEN Xin-Liang, YAO Xiao-Jian, LUO Zhong-Xia, CHEN Jing-Yi, WANG Zhang-Ying, FANG Bo-Ping*()   

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement / Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-09-13 Accepted:2022-01-05 Online:2022-09-12 Published:2022-02-21
  • Contact: FANG Bo-Ping E-mail:501272758@qq.com;bpfang01@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1000700);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1000702);Special Fund for Protection and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources(NWB014);Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020219001);Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resource(111821301354052029)

Abstract:

The genetic diversity of germplasm resources is the basis for the breeding of new varieties. Sweetpotato landraces have many elite genes, however, many traits of sweetpotato landraces have not been utilized. To effectively utilize the genetic diversity of sweetpotato landraces in China, the phenotypic differences of sweetpotato landraces collected in different periods were analyzed. 177 sweetpotato landraces were analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H') of 11 phenotypic traits was 0.42-2.08, and three quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 18.40%-46.83%, indicating rich genetic diversity in most traits. Cluster analysis revealed that 177 sweetpotato landraces were divided into two clusters based on 11 traits. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the sweetpotato landraces collected in 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 were mainly distributed in cluster 3 and cluster 4, while the sweetpotato landraces collected in the other three periods were relatively scattered. Correlation analysis showed that these traits were not independent, but correlated with each other. The phenotypes of sweetpotato landraces collected in different periods were significantly different. The “skin color of storage root, predominant flesh color, diameter of stem, length of the longest vine, number of base branches” changed the most among 11 traits in different collection periods. In descriptive traits, the storage root flesh color that accounted for the most landraces collected in the five stages was “white, yellow, light yellow, orange yellow, light yellow”. In terms of quantitative traits, the stem diameter decreased significantly from 2010 to 2019, the branch number had an increasing trend in five periods, and the longest vine length became significantly shorter after 2000. This study provides an important reference for the protection and utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources.

Key words: sweetpotato, landraces, germplasm resource, genetic diversity, phenotypic traits

Table 1

Name and origin of 177 sweetpotato landraces used in this study"

序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
1 胭脂薯Yanzhishu 广东Guangdong 90 鸟咬梨Niaoyaoli 广东Guangdong
2 标心红Biaoxingong 广东Guangdong 91 万二Wan’er 广东Guangdong
3 万石榴Wanshiliu 广东Guangdong 92 红皮黎老公Hongpililaogong 广东Guangdong
4 蓬尾Pengwei 广东Guangdong 93 书院Shuyuan 广东Guangdong
5 红心仔Hongxinzai 广东Guangdong 94 横放柴Hengfangchai 海南Hainan
6 无时闲Wushixian 广东Guangdong 95 三角柠Sanjiaoning 海南Hainan
7 芽仔薯Yazaishu 广东Guangdong 96 仙沟薯Xiangoushu 海南Hainan
8 南凹苗Nanaomiao 广东Guangdong 97 小花叶Xiaohuaye 海南Hainan
9 白皮接芋只Baipijieyuzhi 广东Guangdong 98 布惊种Bujingzhong 海南Hainan
10 南澳薯Nan’aoshu 广东Guangdong 99 多子娘Duoziniang 海南Hainan
11 锦连薯Jinlianshu 海南Hainan 100 南凤粉Nafengfen 海南Hainan
12 密草芦仔Micaoluzai 广东Guangdong 101 木冬Mudong 海南Hainan
13 红皮捱秫篱Hongpi’aishuli 广东Guangdong 102 苦楝红Kulianhong 海南Hainan
14 接长冬Jiechangdong 广东Guangdong 103 春面Chunmian 海南Hainan
15 大叶田间落粒Dayetianjianluoli 广东Guangdong 104 海北柑薯Haibeiganshu 海南Hainan
16 假山柚Jiashanyou 海南Hainan 105 贵定褐红皮红Guidinghehongpihong 贵州Guizhou
17 赤皮不论春hipibulunchun 广东Guangdong 106 贵州白皮苕Guizhoubaipishao 贵州Guizhou
18 大督Dadu 广东Guangdong 107 独山紫花心Dushanzihuaxin 贵州Guizhou
19 竹头Zhutou 广东Guangdong 108 印江土黄苕Yinjiangtuhuangshao 贵州Guizhou
20 苦栋红Kudonghong 海南Hainan 109 石阡紫皮红心Shiqianzipihongxin 贵州Guizhou
21 碎叶仔Suiyezai 广东Guangdong 110 建水黄心Jianshuihuangxin 云南Yunnan
22 小种碰薯Xiaozhongpengshu 海南Hainan 111 建水胜利大白Jianshuishenglidabai 云南Yunnan
23 白幼叶薯Baiyouyeshu 广东Guangdong 112 普洱水果山芋Puershuiguoshanyu 云南Yunnan
24 棒薯Bangshu 海南Hainan 113 景洪红皮Jinghonghongpi 云南Yunnan
25 汕头红Shantouhong 广东Guangdong 114 保山小黄山芋Baoshanxiaohuangshanyu 云南Yunnan
26 三角芋Sanjiaoyu 海南Hainan 115 盈江红皮Yingjianghongpi 云南Yunnan
27 蕹菜种Wengcaizhong 广东Guangdong 116 白皮红心Baipihongxin 江苏Jiangsu
28 新竹头Xinzhutou 广东Guangdong 117 细女笑Xinvxiao 广东Guangdong
29 菊花种Juhuazhong 广东Guangdong 118 爪白种Zhuabaizhong 广东Guangdong
30 香薯Xiangshu 海南Hainan 119 黄丁橙Huangdingcheng 广东Guangdong
31 雪薯Xueshu 广东Guangdong 120 七彩薯Qicaishu 广东Guangdong
32 吊丝黄Diaosihuang 广东Guangdong 121 金冠黄Jinguanhuang 广东Guangdong
序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
33 金瓜苗Jinguamiao 广东Guangdong 122 阳西薯Yangxishu 广东Guangdong
34 那洋苗Nayangmiao 广东Guangdong 123 紫皮香Zipixiang 广东Guangdong
35 小红70日Xiaohong 70ri 福建Fujian 124 白紫高Baizigao 广东Guangdong
36 六十仔Liushizai 福建Fujian 125 小仔白Xiaozaibai 广东Guangdong
37 菜头白Caitoubai 福建Fujian 126 长薯 Changshu 广东Guangdong
38 大红花Dahonghua 安徽Anhui 127 紫黄东Zihuangdong 广东Guangdong
39 赤尿Chiniao 海南Hainan 128 紫香白Zixiangbai 广东Guangdong
40 江西丰盛Jiangxifengsheng 江西Jiangxi 129 红高紫Honggaozi 广东Guangdong
41 四季红Sijihong 广东Guangdong 130 红桔仔Hongjizai 广东Guangdong
42 鸡爪薯Jizhuashu 广东Guangdong 131 紫白郊Zibaijiao 广东Guangdong
43 学老薯Xuelaoshu 广东Guangdong 132 花桔薯Huajishu 广东Guangdong
44 南洋薯Nanyangshu 广东Guangdong 133 沙根苕Shagenshao 四川Sichuan
45 五角星Wujiaoxing 海南Hainan 134 台湾秋Taiwanqiu 台湾Taiwan
46 鸡足爪Jizuzhua 海南Hainan 135 木瓜薯Muguashu 广西Guangxi
47 海北剪Haibeijian 海南Hainan 136 长藤Changteng 重庆Chongqing
48 丰收红Fengshouhong 海南Hainan 137 乌尖苕Wujianshao 重庆Chongqing
49 排岭薯Pailingshu 海南Hainan 138 台湾碰Taiwanpeng 台湾Taiwan
50 猪母公Zhumugong 海南Hainan 139 普宁种Puningzhong 广东Guangdong
51 黎薯Lishu 海南Hainan 140 饶平种Raopingzhong 广东Guangdong
52 蔓伦Manlun 海南Hainan 141 海洋种Haiyangzhong 广东Guangdong
53 三月白Sanyuebai 海南Hainan 142 新陇菜种Xinlongcaizhong 广东Guangdong
54 满城薯Manchengshu 海南Hainan 143 新花Xinhua 广东Guangdong
55 黑眼薯Heiyanshu 海南Hainan 144 莲上海边韭菜Lianshanghaibianjiucai 广东Guangdong
56 台红Taihong 广东Guangdong 145 莲下南份种Lianxiananfenzhong 广东Guangdong
57 担烂薯Danlanshu 广东Guangdong 146 香芋薯Xiangyushu 广东Guangdong
58 大叶母Dayemu 广东Guangdong 147 高州粉香薯Gaozhoufenxiangshu 广东Guangdong
59 五爪薯Wuzhuashu 广东Guangdong 148 南城种Nanchengzhong 海南Hainan
60 海白Haibai 广东Guangdong 149 莲上竹头Lianshangzhutou 广东Guangdong
61 嫩女薯Nennüshu 广东Guangdong 150 南坪紫茎Nanpingzijing 广东Guangdong
62 永春五齿Yongchunwuchi 福建Fujian 151 黄皮薯Huangpishu 广东Guangdong
63 黄仔闷Huangzaimen 福建Fujian 152 南澳种Nanaozhong 广东Guangdong
64 假芋薯Jiayushu 福建Fujian 153 干部种Ganbuzhong 广东Guangdong
65 六十日早Liushirizao 福建Fujian 154 深圳紫薯Shenzhenzishu 广东Guangdong
66 槟榔薯Binglangshu 福建Fujian 155 天鹅薯Tian’eshu 广东Guangdong
67 湖头本Hutouben 福建Fujian 156 南坪绿茎Napinglyujing 广东Guangdong
68 狗头薯Goutoushu 福建Fujian 157 石角紫茎Shijiaozijing 广东Guangdong
69 竖番甘薯芋Shufanganshuyu 福建Fujian 158 东海薯Donghaishu 广东Guangdong
70 木冬瓜Mudonggua 福建Fujian 159 大寨红Dazhaihong 广东Guangdong
71 潭钻Tanzuan 福建Fujian 160 早九十日Zaojiushiri 广东Guangdong
72 海权薯Haiquanshu 广西Guangxi 161 凤咀薯Fengjushu 广东Guangdong
73 过海薯Guohaishu 广西Guangxi 162 红尾麻Hongweima 广东Guangdong
74 姑娘薯Guniangshu 广西Guangxi 163 上沙薯Shangshashu 广东Guangdong
75 企岭薯Qilingshu 广西Guangxi 164 香粟薯Xiangsushu 广东Guangdong
76 玉兰种Yulanzhong 广东Guangdong 165 白玉九里香Baiyujiulixiang 广东Guangdong
77 黄略薯Huanglueshu 广东Guangdong 166 一点红甘薯Yidianhongganshu 广东Guangdong
序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
序号
No.
名称
Name
原产地
Origin
78 五爪白Wuzhuabai 海南Hainan 167 双皮红番薯Shuangpihongfanshu 广东Guangdong
79 香种Xiangzhong 广东Guangdong 168 界炮2号Jiepao no.2 广东Guangdong
80 跃进薯Yuejinshu 海南Hainan 169 赤皮鸟咬梨Chipiniaoyaoli 广东Guangdong
81 大叶红Dayehong 海南Hainan 170 榄肉种Lanrouzhong 广东Guangdong
82 赤壳薯Chikeshu 海南Hainan 171 红蜜薯Hongmishu 广东Guangdong
83 后垅红Houlonghong 广东Guangdong 172 白肉番薯Bairoufanshu 广东Guangdong
84 南伏Nanfu 福建Fujian 173 九里香番薯 Jiulixiangfanshu 广东Guangdong
85 岩高粉Yangaofen 福建Fujian 174 龙九蕃莳Longjiufanshi 广东Guangdong
86 长蔓种Changmanzhong 福建Fujian 175 紫心薯Zixinshu 广东Guangdong
87 大头黄Datouhuang 福建Fujian 176 朱村一点红Zhucunyidianhong 广东Guangdong
88 沛斯Peisi 福建Fujian 177 兰溪番薯Lanxifanshu 广东Guangdong
89 特别薯Tebieshu 福建Fujian

Table 2

Description standard of sweetpotato phenotypic traits"

性状 Trait 描述规范 Description standard
叶片形状
Leaf shape
1: 圆; 2: 肾; 3: 心; 4: 尖心; 5: 三角; 6: 缺刻叶。
1: Round; 2: Reinform; 3: Cordate; 4: Acuminate-cordate; 5: Triangular; 6: Incised.
叶色
Leaf color
1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 紫绿; 4: 褐绿; 5: 浅紫; 6: 紫; 7: 褐; 8: 金黄。
1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Purple-green; 4: Brown-green; 5: Light purple; 6: Purple; 7: Brown; 8: Golden yellow; 9: Red.
叶主脉色
Main vein pigmentation color
1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 黄; 4: 浅紫; 5: 紫; 6: 紫斑。
1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Yellow; 4: Light purple; 5: Purple; 6: Purple speckle.
茎主色
Predominant color of vine
1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 紫红; 4: 浅紫; 5: 紫; 6: 深紫; 7: 褐。
1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Mauve; 4: Light purple; 5: Purple; 6: Dark purple; 7: Brown.
株型
Plant type
1: 直立; 2: 半直立; 3: 匍匐; 4: 攀缘。
1: Erect; 2: Semi-erect; 3: Prostrate; 4: Scramble.
薯形
Shape of storage root
1: 球形; 2: 短纺锤; 3: 纺锤; 4: 长纺锤; 5: 上膨纺; 6: 下膨纺; 7: 筒形; 8: 弯曲; 9: 不规则。
1: Rotundity; 2: Short elliptic; 3: Elliptic; 4: Long elliptic; 5: Obovate; 6: Ovate; 7: Rectangle; 8: Curve;
9: Anomaly.
薯皮主色
Skin color of storage root
1: 白; 2: 淡黄; 3: 棕黄; 4: 黄; 5: 褐; 6: 粉红; 7: 红; 8: 紫红; 9: 紫; 10: 深紫。
1: White; 2: Light yellow; 3: Brown yellow; 4: Yellow; 5: Brown; 6: Pink; 7: Red; 8: Mauve; 9: Purple;
10: Dark purple.
薯肉主色
Predominant flesh color
1: 白; 2: 淡黄; 3: 黄; 4: 桔黄; 5: 桔红; 6: 粉红; 7: 红; 8: 紫红; 9: 紫; 10: 深紫。
1: White; 2: Light yellow; 3: Yellow; 4: Orange yellow; 5: Orange red; 6: Pink; 7: Red; 8: Mauve; 9: Purple; 10: Dark purple.

Fig. 1

Cluster analysis of sweetpotato landraces"

Table 3

Variation and diversity of quantitative traits in germplasm groups of sweetpotato landrace"

性状
Trait
项目
Item
全体
Total
类群I
Cluster I
类群Ia
Cluster Ia
类群Ib
Cluster Ib
类群II
Cluster II
类群IIa
Cluster IIa
类群IIb
Cluster IIb
茎直径
Diameter of stem (mm)
最大值 Max. 7.60 7.60 7.60 6.20 6.80 6.80 6.90
最小值 Min. 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.70 3.00 3.60 3.00
平均值 Mean 4.92 4.90 5.09 4.41 4.93 5.11 4.81
变异系数 CV (%) 18.40 17.05 15.83 15.77 19.22 15.37 21.39
多样性指数 H′ 2.06 1.93 1.89 1.70 2.05 2.01 1.98
基部分枝(个)
Number of base branches
最大值 Max. 30.60 30.60 30.60 28.00 24.00 24.00 22.60
最小值 Min. 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 5.20 4.00
平均值 Mean 12.17 11.62 12.01 10.65 12.54 12.97 12.25
变异系数 CV (%) 36.68 44.79 41.95 51.47 30.88 30.02 31.29
多样性指数 H′ 2.01 1.94 1.90 1.70 2.04 2.04 2.06
最长蔓长
Length of the longest vine (cm)
最大值 Max. 450.00 450.00 261.00 450.00 170.00 170.00 117.40
最小值 Min. 39.70 169.00 169.00 274.00 39.70 122.00 39.70
平均值 Mean 165.75 245.35 215.57 319.80 113.70 144.73 92.03
变异系数 CV (%) 46.83 23.10 12.01 13.29 27.93 9.64 22.66
多样性指数 H′ 1.99 1.89 2.02 1.83 2.09 1.98 1.95

Fig. 2

Distribution diagram of 11 traits in 177 sweetpotato landraces The assignments of eight descriptive traits were given those in Table 2. The classification of three quantitative traits was detailed in data statistics and analyses (1.3)."

Table 4

Frequency distribution and diversity index of descriptive characteristics in 177 sweetpotato landrace"

性状
Trait
表型级别所占的频率Frequency of different phenotypic degree (%) 多样性指数
Diversity index
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
叶片形状 Leaf shape 0.00 2.26 31.64 5.08 2.82 58.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02
叶色 Leaf color 7.34 89.27 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42
叶主脉色 Main vein pigmentation color 7.91 17.51 0.00 20.34 39.55 14.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48
茎主色 Predominant color of vine 1.69 75.71 1.69 1.13 10.73 2.82 6.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.91
株型 Plant type 0.00 32.77 65.53 1.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71
薯形 Shape of storage root 1.13 6.21 44.63 18.64 6.21 18.64 4.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52
薯皮主色 Skin color of storage root 13.56 7.91 2.26 9.60 5.08 10.17 20.34 21.47 8.47 1.13 2.08
薯肉主色 Predominant flesh color 27.12 24.29 21.47 13.56 6.78 0.00 1.13 0.00 4.52 1.13 1.72

Fig. 3

Principal components analysis of 177 sweetpotato landrace"

Table 5

Diversity index of phenotypic traits of sweetpotato landrace collected in different periods"

性状
Trait
多样性指数 Diversity index (H′)
1980年前 Before 1980 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2020-2019
叶片形状 Leaf shape 0.98 0.81 0.95 0.55 1.21
叶色 Leaf color 0.42 0.42 0.12 0.37 0.40
叶主脉色 Main vein pigmentation color 1.55 1.48 1.04 1.31 1.53
茎主色 Predominant color of vine 0.60 0.61 0.70 1.26 0.90
株型 Plant type 0.50 0.77 0.62 0.75 0.80
薯形 Shape of storage root 1.40 1.43 0.99 1.43 1.37
薯皮主色 Skin color of storage root 1.81 1.99 1.76 1.63 1.86
薯肉主色 Predominant flesh color 1.12 1.36 1.55 1.74 1.90
茎直径 Diameter of stem 1.93 1.93 1.80 2.00 1.99
基部分枝 Number of base branches 1.90 1.98 1.87 2.06 1.91
最长蔓长 Length of the longest vine 2.02 1.94 1.90 1.70 1.96

Fig. 4

Correlation analysis of different phenotypic traits in sweetpotato landraces * indicates significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Comparative analysis of quantitative traits of sweetpotato landrace collected in different periods Different letters on the top of the box represent significantly different at P < 0.05."

Fig. 6

Comparative analysis of descriptive characteristics of sweetpotato landrace collected in different periods"

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