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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1643-1652.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23043

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristic difference in grain in-field drydown between maize cultivars with various maturation

LI Lu-Lu1,2,3(), MING Bo1,*(), GAO Shang1, XIE Rui-Zhi1, WANG Ke-Ru1, HOU Peng1, XUE Jun1, LI Shao-Kun1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
    3Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
  • Received:2022-05-19 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-06-12 Published:2022-10-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn;E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn, Tel: 010-82108891
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971849);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-25);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

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Abstract:

The grain moisture concentration at harvest stage varies vastly among maize cultivars with various maturities, which is an important factor affecting mechanical grain harvesting and grain quality. Differences in maturation result in various environmental conditions for grain drying in the field, thus increasing the difficulty of comparing the characteristics of grain dehydration between cultivars. Maize cultivars with different maturities were seeded eight times at 10-day intervals from early spring to late summer in 2018 and 2019, supplying the different environmental conditions for grain in-field drying. The dynamics of grain moisture concentration were measured for all cultivars to analyze varietal differences in characterization of grain in-field drydown. Grain moisture concentration at harvest was positively correlated to growth period (r = 0.810*, 2018; r = 0.912**, 2019). Usually, the early-maturing cultivars had lower moisture concentration at harvest stage than the late-maturing cultivars. Grain moisture concentration at physiological maturity was negatively correlated to grain filling period (r = -0.484**). It was higher for early-maturing cultivars than late-maturing cultivars. Grain moisture loss rates of pre- (r = -0.655**) and post-maturity (r = -0.492**) were both inversely associated with the growth period, and were faster for early- than late-maturing cultivars. Furthermore, there was a significantly positive correlation between the grain moisture loss rate of pre-maturity and post-maturity (r = 0.466**). Overall, the cultivars with high moisture loss rate before maturity declined moisture quickly after maturity, while there was the particular cultivar with high moisture loss rate before maturity but low moisture loss rate after maturity. Duration of growth period affected grain dehydration rate. Generally, compared to late-maturing cultivar, grain of early-maturing cultivar had faster drying rates of pre- and post-maturity and lower moisture concentration at harvest stage. However, there was the noticeable case of particular cultivar when breeding and screening maize with rapid grain dehydration.

Key words: maize, growth period, grain, moisture concentration, moisture loss rate

Table 1

Planting dates in the experiment (month/day)"

年份
Year		 第1播期
The first sowing		 第2播期
The second sowing		 第3播期
The third sowing		 第4播期
The fourth sowing		 第5播期
The fifth sowing		 第6播期
The sixth sowing		 第7播期
The seventh sowing		 第8播期
The eighth sowing
2018 4/19 4/30 5/10 5/24 6/3 6/13 6/23 7/3
2019 4/24 5/4 5/14 5/24 6/3 6/13 6/23 7/3

Fig. 1

Conditions of air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and relative humidity of experimental field The solid lines represent the mean air temperature and the shading represents the lowest and highest air temperature on panels A and B."

Fig. 2

Bilinear model fitted for the dynamic of grain weight (A) and the staged linear model for grain moisture concentration (B)"

Fig. 3

Growth progresses of different maize cultivars in the fifth sowing date (left panels), grain moisture concentration on October 1 (middle panels), and correlation analysis between the moisture concentration and the duration of growth period (right panels) * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. HT1: Hetian 1; FK139: Fengken 139; ZY8911: Zeyu 8911; JNK728: Jingnongke 728; DK517: Dika 517; XY335: Xianyu 335; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; DK653: Dika 653."

Fig. 4

Grain moisture concentration at physiological maturity and its relationship with grain-filling duration. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. ** indicate significant differences at the 0.01 probability level. × represents the sample mean. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

Fig. 5

Moisture loss rates of pre- and post-maturity of all maize cultivars Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level. × represents the sample mean, and the dotted lines indicate the lower sample borders of cultivar HT1. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

Table 2

Correlation analysis between the moisture loss rates and the growth periods"

性状
Trait		 出苗-吐丝
Emergence-silking		 吐丝-成熟
Silking-maturity		 出苗-成熟
Emergence-maturity
生理成熟前脱水速率Moisture loss rate of pre-maturity stage -0.211* -0.641** -0.655**
生理成熟后脱水速率Moisture loss rate of post-maturity stage -0.183* -0.464** -0.492**
总脱水速率Moisture loss rate of pre- and post-maturity stage -0.287** -0.509** -0.592**

Fig. 6

Relationship between the moisture loss rates of pre- and post-maturity stages The solid lines are the linear fitting equation and the 95% confidence interval, the vertical dotted line is the average of the moisture loss rate before physiological maturity, and the horizontal dotted line is the average of the moisture loss after physiological maturity. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

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