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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 2012-2022.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23055

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw, soil fertility, and maize yield

LI Rong1(), MIAN You-Ming2, HOU Xian-Qing1,*(), LI Pei-Fu1, WANG Xi-Na1   

  1. 1School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan 756000, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2022-08-05 Accepted:2022-11-25 Online:2023-07-12 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: houxianqing1981@126.com E-mail:lironge_mail@126.com;houxianqing1981@126.com
  • Supported by:
    The Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2021AAC03003);The Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2022AAC03061);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860362);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160515);The National Key Technology Support Program of China(2015BAD22B05-03)

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Abstract:

Based on the two-year located straw returning experiment, to explore the effects of continuous nitrogen application on the decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw in the third year, soil fertility characteristics and maize yield in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia, the effects of continual application rates of different pure nitrogen (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg hm-2) on decomposition, nutrient release of returning straw in the third year, soil physical and chemical properties, and maize yield were studied by nylon mesh bag method and field experiment. The results showed that nitrogen application could promote straw decomposition at 50-170 DAS (days after maize sowing), and the nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 was the best. The cumulative decomposition ratio and decomposition rate of straw under nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 compared with that no nitrogen application treatment (the control), were significantly increased by 25.6% and 20.3%, respectively. Nitrogen application could promote the nutrient release of straw, and the cumulative nutrient release rates of returning straw was ranked: potassium > carbon > nitrogen > phosphorus. The cumulative release rate of each element in all treatments increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the effect of nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 was the best. Nitrogen application made the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm layer decrease, while the soil total porosity increased, and nitrogen application rate at 300-450 kg hm-2 was the most significant. Nitrogen application could increase the soil temperature at 20 DAS and soil water storage at 80-170 DAS, and the effect of the nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 was the best. Nitrogen application could improve soil fertility in 0-40 cm layer, and nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 had the best effect on increasing soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents. Compared with the control, nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 could affect the yield composition and increase significantly maize yield by 63.7%. According to the comprehensive analysis, nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2 can significantly improve soil fertility characteristics, promote the decomposition and nutrient elements release of returning straw, thus contributing to the soil fertilization and the higher yield of maize in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia.

Key words: nitrogen application, straw decomposition, nutrient release, soil fertility, maize yield

Fig. 1

Daily precipitation and air temperature during growth period of maize in 2018 at experiment site"

Fig. 2

Effect of nitrogen application on cumulative decomposition ratio (A) and decomposing rate (B) of returning straw (2018) CK: no pure nitrogen application; N1: pure nitrogen application rate at 150 kg hm-2; N2: pure nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm-2; N3: pure nitrogen application rate at 450 kg hm-2. The error bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) at P < 0.05."

Fig. 3

Effect of nitrogen application on nutrient cumulative release rate of returning straw in 2018 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. (A), (B), (C), and (D) represent the nutrient cumulative release rate of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the figure, respectively. The error bar represents the least significant differences (LSD) at P < 0.05."

Fig. 4

Effects of nitrogen application on soil bulk density and total porosity of returning straw in 2018 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. (A) and (B) represent the soil bulk density and total porosity in the figure, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments in the same soil layer."

Fig. 5

Effects of nitrogen application on soil water and temperature of returning straw during maize growth period in 2018 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. The error bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) at P< 0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among the treatments at the same growth stage."

Table 1

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application on soil nutrients content"

土层/年份
Soil layer/year		 处理
Treatment		 有机碳
TOC
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 碳氮比
C/N ratio		 碱解氮
Alkaline-N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
0-20 cm
2017 处理前Before treating 4.87±0.16 b 0.44±0.27 c 11.07±0.26 a 25.04±0.20 d 17.23±0.29 c 150.35±1.19 e
2018 CK 5.44±0.14 b 0.54±0.03 b 10.07±0.12 c 26.58±0.16 d 20.76±0.72 b 195.59±2.89 d
N1 6.15±0.32 b 0.60±0.04 b 10.25±0.23 c 34.93±0.14 c 23.05±0.27 a 222.67±1.86 b
N2 7.88±0.34 a 0.72±0.03 a 10.94±0.29 ab 42.63±0.39 a 24.13±0.24 a 235.17±0.50 a
N3 8.03±0.30 a 0.76±0.03 a 10.57±0.31 b 41.75±0.38 b 24.53±0.66 a 207.49±0.90 c
20-40 cm
2017 处理前After treating 4.64±0.23 d 0.34±0.24 c 13.65±0.15 a 24.76±1.39 c 15.57±0.26 c 119.85±1.34 e
2018 CK 5.36±0.25 c 0.42±0.03 b 12.76±0.21 b 21.66±0.06 bc 18.76±0.67 b 179.59±1.26 d
N1 6.01±0.21 b 0.44±0.03 b 13.66±0.12 a 29.97±3.29 b 21.05±0.15 a 206.67±0.77 b
N2 7.32±0.17 a 0.56±0.02 a 13.07±0.04 ab 37.61±0.47 a 22.13±0.24 a 219.17±4.95 a
N3 7.25±0.22 a 0.60±0.04 a 12.08±0.19 c 36.81±0.17 a 22.03±0.66 a 191.49±2.40 c

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield components and maize yield after straw returning in 2018"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)
CK 76,666±5,422 d 606±32 b 32.67±5.45 c 10,466±206 d
N1 86,666±2,988 c 663±45 a 36.48±4.22 b 15,300±164 b
N2 106,667±3,679 a 657±52 a 40.78±2.22 a 17,133±122 a
N3 90,000±5,210 b 675±30 a 31.05±1.98 c 12,900±225 c
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