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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on water use characteristics of silage maize leguminous forage intercropping system

SANG Hui-Zhe, WANG Chao, FAN Zhi-Long, YIN Wen, FAN Hong, HE Wei, HU Fa-Long*, CHAI Qiang*   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-01-11 Revised:2024-06-20 Accepted:2024-06-20 Published:2024-07-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1900200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20218), and the “Double First-Class” Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province (GSSYLXM-02).

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Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high nitrogen fertilizer input and low water use efficiency of silage maize in the Hexi oasis irrigation region, the study explored the effects of intercropping leguminous forage on silage maize yield and water consumption characteristics under nitrogen reduction conditions, so as to provide practical basis and theoretical support for the technology of highly efficient use of water of silage maize. The experiment was carried out at Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station during 2022–2023, with three cropping patterns (M: silage maize monoculture; MH: silage maize-fodder soybean intercropping; ML: silage maize-laba bean intercropping) and four N application rates (N3: 360 kg hm-2; N2: 306 kg hm-2; N1: 252 kg hm-2; N0: 0 kg hm-2). The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of silage maize and legume forage was significantly higher in N1 treatment compared with N3 under both mixing modes, by 10.0% and 20.5% under the MH mode, and by 16.5% and 28.8% under the ML mode, respectively. The difference between forage yield of the N1 treatment and that of the N3 under the MH mode was not significant, but it increased by 22.4% under the ML mode compared with that of the N3 mode, and forage yield of the ML mode increased by 12.3% under the N1 level compared with that of the ML mode. N1 level was 12.3% higher than that of MH mode. The introduction of legume forage could reduce the soil evaporation of intercropping system, and the soil evaporation of MH and ML modes was 23.5% and 30.0% lower than that of M mode with the same level of nitrogen application at N1 level, but the differences in the soil evaporation of the two modes between different nitrogen application treatments were not significant. Silage maize intercropped with lablab bean combined with a 30% reduction in N fertilizer reduced the evapotranspiration ratio by 23.0% compared with the same N application level of the M model. Intercropping legume forage improved water use efficiency, and water use efficiency of MH and ML modes increased by 43.3%, 29.5%, 17.9% and 51.9%, 30.2%, 21.2% at N1, N2, and N3 levels, respectively, compared with M mode. Among them, the MLN1 treatment showed the greatest improvement, with a 52.4% increase in water use efficiency over the MN3 treatment. Therefore, silage maize intercropped with leguminous forage combined with nitrogen application rate at 252 kg hm-2 can reduce evaporation, improve forage yield and water productivity, which was suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application rate for silage maize production in oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: intercropping, nitrogen application, water use efficiency, silage maize, leguminous forage

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