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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1300-1311.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31035

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and rice straw return on wheat yield and N2O emission and recommended fertilization under rice-wheat rotation pattern

LU Ru-Hua1(), WANG Wen-Xuan2, CAO Qiang1, TIAN Yong-Chao1, ZHU Yan1, CAO Wei-Xing1, LIU Xiao-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University / Engineering and Research Center for Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    2College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-06-04 Accepted:2023-10-23 Online:2024-05-12 Published:2023-11-30
  • Contact: E-mail: liuxj@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396804
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301402);Hainan Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSY-ZD01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071903)

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Abstract:

The optimization of agricultural practices such as nitrogen and straw input may be an effective option for maintaining environmental sustainability. However, previous studies on the effects of nitrogen and straw inputs on wheat growth and N2O emission reduction were limited. Therefore, the present study was based on the literature published from 2000 to 2022 about wheat yield and N2O emissions under different nitrogen and straw inputs amendment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a random forest (RF) model of wheat yield and N2O emission was constructed. And the influence of nitrogen and straw inputs on wheat yield and N2O emissions was quantified. Based on the developed model, wheat yield and N2O emission simulations at the experimental site were carried out in combination with scenario settings, and the carbon emission intensity (CEE) and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) were evaluated. The results were as follow: On the regional scale, an RF model was established for the response of wheat yield and N2O emission to the application of nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning. The verification results were R2 of 0.66 and 0.65, and RMSE of 0.70 and 1.11, respectively. Quantifying the importance of independent variables showed that nitrogen application rate and soil organic matter were essential for yield and N2O models. For nitrogen fertilizer and straw management under different targets, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the highest yield was 208-212 kg hm-2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the minimum CEE was 113-130 kg hm-2, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the highest NEEB was 202-205 kg hm-2, of which the highest ecological benefit of 13,669.18 CHY could be obtained by applying 202 kg hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer under the straw input of 6.75 t hm-2. Our results indicate that optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and straw inputs has the potential to reduce crop carbon emission intensity and maximize net ecological and environmental benefits.

Key words: nitrogen application rate, straw inputs, wheat, N2O, emission model, fertilizer recommendation

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of field management practices, ecological factors and N2O emission"

指标
Indicator		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准偏差
SD		 标准差系数
CV (%)
N rate 0 300 181.89 82.29 45.24
Split N 1 3 2.63 0.50 19.19
Straw rate 0 8.25 1.45 2.40 164.83
pH 5.88 8.09 6.79 0.64 9.43
SOM (g kg-1) 11.00 57.90 20.42 7.78 38.10
TN (g kg-1) 0.51 2.90 1.53 0.46 30.06
LT_Temp (℃) 15.10 19.95 15.96 0.46 2.89
LT_Prec (mm) 750.00 1890.30 1117.32 174.31 15.60
Cum_N2O (kg hm-2) 0.13 7.74 2.42 1.98 81.82

Fig. 1

Pearson correlation heatmap of field management practices, ecological factors and N2O emission Abbreviations are the same as these given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Calibrations and validations of N2O emission and wheat yield RF models"

Fig. 3

Independent importance of each RF model a, N2O; b, yield. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 2

Simulation model of cumulative N2O emission and wheat yield under different scenarios of straw returning to the field"

处理
Treatment		 N2O累积排放量Cumulative N2O emissions (kg hm-2) 产量
Yield (t hm-2)
LINEAR EXPONENT
S0 y = 0.0077x+1.0226 y = 1.1281e0.004x y = -0.1111x2+47.077x+1506.0
S2.25 y = 0.0078x+1.1241 y = 1.2180e0.0038x y = -0.1117x2+46.961x+1526.2
S4.50 y = 0.0071x+1.2914 y = 1.3763e0.0033x y = -0.1197x2+49.842x+1489.9
S6.75 y = 0.0069x+1.2907 y = 1.3727e0.0033x y = -0.1205x2+50.221x+1491.4

Fig. 4

Response of CEE and NEEB to different N and straw application Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 3

Nitrogen and straw inputs of wheat under different targets and their net ecological and environmental benefits"

模型
Model		 秸秆量
Straw rate (t hm-2)		 施氮量
N rate (kg hm-2)		 收益
Benefit (CHY)
Yield-max 0 212 12,816.00
2.25 210 12,851.00
4.50 208 13,453.00
6.75 208 13,657.88
CEE-LINEAR 0 113 10,702.22
2.25 116 10,934.81
4.50 129 12,029.94
6.75 130 12,255.24
CEE-EXPONENT 0 114 10,750.49
2.25 117 10,981.24
4.50 127 11,951.29
6.75 127 12,135.69
NEEB-LINEAR 0 205 12,829.70
2.25 203 12,863.29
4.50 201 13,464.20
6.75 202 13,669.00
NEEB-EXPONENT 0 205 12,830.40
2.25 203 12,864.52
4.50 201 13,464.99
6.75 202 13,669.18
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