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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 1043-1052.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34118

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen application rate on cotton yield and nitrogen utilization under long-term straw return to the field

LIU Cheng-Min1(), MEN Ya-Qi1, QIN Du-Lin1,2, YAN Xiao-Yu1,3, ZHANG Le1, MENG Hao1, SU Xun-Ya1, SUN Xue-Zhen1, SONG Xian-Liang1, MAO Li-Li1,*()   

  1. 1Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Shandong Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
    3Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Laoshan District, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-07-12 Accepted:2023-10-23 Online:2024-04-12 Published:2023-11-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: maolili6666@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MC085);Shandong Province Agricultural Variety Engineering Project(2023LZGC002);Shandong Cotton Industry Technology Research System(SDAIT-03)

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Abstract:

Nitrogen application can increase the availability of nitrogen in the soil, thereby improving plant photosynthesis and promoting the absorption of nitrogen and the accumulation of dry matter, ultimately leading to an increase in crop yield. However, it is unclear whether the nitrogen application rate should be adjusted under long-term high nitrogen straw returning conditions. To investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on cotton photosynthesis rate, dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield, nitrogen utilization, and soil nitrogen changes under long-term straw return conditions, we set up seven nitrogen application rates of pure nitrogen 0 (N0), 150 (N150), 180 (N180), 210 (N210), 240 (N240), 270 (N270), and 300 (N300) kg hm-2. Compared with the commonly used nitrogen application rate (N300) in field agriculture, from 2020 to 2021, a 30% reduction in nitrogen (N210) achieved higher yields, 1853.62 kg hm-2 and 1872.43 kg hm-2 respectively, while a 40% reduction in nitrogen (N180) only maintained a high yield of 1743.68 kg hm-2 in the first year. In 2021, the net photosynthetic rate, dry matter and nutrient accumulation of N210 were higher than that of N180, and there was no significant difference between them in the dry matter and nutrient partition coefficient of reproductive organs and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, but the apparent nitrogen surplus of N180 soil was significantly reduced by 39.15%. In summary, under long-term stubble returning conditions, applying 210 kg hm-2 of nitrogen is more suitable for achieving the goal of reducing weight and promoting yield in the northwest cotton region of Shandong.

Key words: cotton, nitrogen application rate, straw returning, yield, nitrogen utilization, photosynthetic rate

Fig. 1

Average monthly temperature and precipitation during cotton growth seasons in 2020 and 2021"

Fig. 2

Effects of nitrogen application rate on net photosynthetic rate of cotton functional leaves Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. N0: nitrogen rate 0 kg hm-2; N150: nitrogen rate 150 kg hm-2; N180: nitrogen rate 180 kg hm-2; N210: nitrogen rate 210 kg hm-2; N240: nitrogen rate 240 kg hm-2; N270: nitrogen rate 270 kg hm-2; N300: nitrogen rate 300 kg hm-2."

Fig. 3

Effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation above ground of cotton Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 1

Effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter distribution above ground of cotton (150 days after sowing)"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
营养器官分配系数
Proportion of vegetative organs		 生殖器官分配系数
Proportion of reproductive organs		 营养器官分配系数
Proportion of vegetative organs		 生殖器官分配系数
Proportion of reproductive organs
N0 50.69 ab 49.31 ab 47.89 b 52.11 a
N150 50.01 ab 49.99 ab 49.22 ab 50.78 ab
N180 49.74 b 50.26 a 49.34 ab 50.66 ab
N210 49.81 b 50.19 a 48.36 ab 51.64 a
N240 51.10 ab 48.90 ab 50.73 ab 49.27 ab
N270 53.25 a 46.75 b 51.22 a 48.78 b
N300 54.92 a 45.08 b 51.02 a 48.98 b

Fig. 4

Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen accumulation above ground of cotton Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen distribution above ground of cotton (150 days after sowing)"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
营养器官分配系数
Proportion of vegetative organs		 生殖器官分配系数
Proportion of reproductive organs		 营养器官分配系数
Proportion of vegetative organs		 生殖器官分配系数
Proportion of reproductive organs
N0 44.25 bc 55.75 ab 43.81 a 56.19 a
N150 44.30 bc 55.70 ab 43.87 a 56.13 a
N180 44.15 bc 55.85 ab 44.98 a 55.02 a
N210 43.39 c 56.61 a 45.18 a 54.82 a
N240 44.52 abc 55.48 abc 44.62 a 55.38 a
N270 45.28 ab 54.72 bc 45.19 a 54.81 a
N300 46.11 a 53.89 c 45.14 a 54.86 a

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application rate on yield of cotton"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
单位面积铃数
Boll density
(boll m-2)		 单铃重
Boll weight
(g boll-1)		 衣分
Lint
percentage
(%)		 产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)		 单位面积铃数
Boll density
(boll m-2)		 单铃重
Boll weight
(g boll-1)		 衣分
Lint
percentage
(%)		 产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)
N0 53.54 c 5.63 b 40.25 a 1214.40 b 52.58 d 5.52 c 41.02 a 1191.42 c
N150 57.28 c 5.74 b 40.81 a 1342.14 b 58.53 d 5.78 b 40.31 a 1362.68 c
N180 74.73 b 5.82 ab 40.10 a 1743.68 a 64.65 c 5.88 b 40.03 a 1521.29 bc
N210 76.29 a 5.99 a 40.54 a 1853.62 a 77.04 a 5.96 a 40.78 a 1872.43 a
N240 74.68 b 5.83 ab 40.22 a 1751.14 a 72.69 b 5.90 ab 40.80 a 1743.96 ab
N270 72.23 b 5.83 ab 41.10 a 1731.42 a 70.85 b 5.93 a 40.37 a 1704.44 ab
N300 71.88 b 5.89 ab 40.57 a 1716.45 a 70.07 b 5.92 a 40.02 a 1659.54 ab

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency of cotton"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
氮肥农学利用率
Nitrogen
agronomic efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥贡献率
Nitrogen
contribution rate
(%)		 氮肥农学利用率
Nitrogen
agronomic efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥贡献率
Nitrogen
contribution rate
(%)
N150 0.85 d 7.46 c 9.52 b 1.14 b 9.08 a 12.57 b
N180 2.94 a 8.30 a 30.35 a 1.69 ab 8.31 a 20.37 ab
N210 3.04 ab 8.10 b 34.48 a 3.24 a 8.92 a 36.37 a
N240 2.24 bc 7.72 c 30.65 a 2.30 ab 7.27 b 31.68 a
N270 1.91 cd 6.49 c 29.86 a 1.90 ab 6.31 b 30.10 a
N300 1.67 cd 5.77 c 29.25 a 1.56 ab 5.53 b 28.21 a

Fig. 5

Effects of nitrogen application rate on soil apparent nitrogen surplus Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the years in the same treatment. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

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