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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1341-1350.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34147

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on yield and quality in sweet potato

YANG Chun-Ju1,2(), TANG Dao-Bin1,2, ZHANG Kai1,2, DU Kang1,2, HUANG Hong1,2, QIAO Huan-Huan1,2, WANG Ji-Chun1,2,*(), LYU Chang-Wen1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2023-08-31 Accepted:2024-01-12 Online:2024-05-12 Published:2024-02-09
  • Contact: *E-mail: lvcgwn@163.com; E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Technology Innovation and Application Development Key Project of Chongqing(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0022);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020B032);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2021 F001);Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CQMAITS202303)

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Abstract:

Based on the soil fertility and fertilization level in the Chongqing region, to ensure the stable and high-quality crop yields, we explored the effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on sweet potato yield, quality, nutrient utilization, and soil fertility, in order to determine whether there is any space for reducing fertilizer application in sweet potatoes in this area and propose the appropriate reduction application strategy. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022 at the base of the Potato Crops Research Institute of Southwest University in Xiema Street, Beibei District, Chongqing. Double factor randomized block experimental design was adopted with three levels of nitrogen and potassium applied in this study. The conventional N application rate was 126.00 kg hm-2 (A1), the N application rate was reduced by 10% (A2) and 20% (A3), respectively. The conventional application amount of K2O was 96.00 kg hm-2 (B1), the application amount of K2O was reduced by 5% (B2) and 10% (B3), respectively. The results showed that moderate N and K2O reduction combined application would not significantly reduce the yield of sweet potato, but reducing N by 20% significantly reduced the number of sweet potato per plant, and the yield of A3 significantly reduced by 9.25% compared to A1. Compared to the control, the soluble sugar content of A2 and A3 significantly increased by 0.25% and 0.36%, respectively, while B3 significantly increased by 0.47% compared to B1. However, it was unfavorable to the starch content and soluble protein content of sweet potato. Therefore, compared with local conventional N and K2O fertilizer application, both reducing N by 10% (A2, 119.70 kg hm-2) and K2O by 5% (B2, 86.40 kg hm-2) did not significantly decrease the yield of Yushu-198 and soil enzyme activity, which could be recommended as the appropriate fertilization recommendation for sweet potato production in this region.

Key words: sweet potato, reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application, yield and quality, soil fertility

Table 1

Soil basic nutrient status of Xiema experimental site from 2021 to 2022"

年份
Year		 pH 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline
nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg-1)
2021 7.41 85.87 13.15 94.00 32.49 0.55 0.62 10.11
2022 7.21 74.13 7.54 81.45 27.66 0.27 0.54 12.03

Fig. 1

Air temperature and precipitation of sweet potato growing season in Xiema from 2021 to 2022"

Table 2

Nitrogen and potassium fertilizer reduction treatments"

处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)		 处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)		 处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)
A1B1 126.0 96.0 A2B1 119.7 96.0 A3B1 113.4 96.0
A1B2 126.0 86.4 A2B2 119.7 86.4 A3B2 113.4 86.4
A1B3 126.0 76.8 A2B3 119.7 76.8 A3B3 113.4 76.8

Table 3

Effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on sweet potato yield and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root number of single plant		 单薯重
Single storage root weight (g)		 薯块产量
Storage root yield (kg hm-2)
2021 A1 B1 4.35±0.09 a 162.32±12.26 a 40,355.84±2489.23 abc
B2 4.41±0.27 a 176.85±10.29 a 43,448.77±1786.38 a
B3 4.18±0.31 abcd 171.31±7.43 a 38,903.20±928.77 bcd
A2 B1 4.39±0.38 a 169.17±10.90 a 41,734.60±2185.27 ab
B2 4.21±0.17 abc 176.79±26.86 a 41,698.06±3448.07 ab
B3 4.10±0.01 abcde 179.50±12.46 a 41,401.37±2403.09 ab
A3 B1 3.93±0.21 bcdef 171.51±3.30 a 39,250.72±1648.10 bcd
B2 3.70±0.01 f 172.91±12.71 a 36,464.05±1774.07 de
B3 3.81±0.23 def 174.47±22.67 a 34,181.48±1726.77 e
2022 A1 B1 4.45±0.04 a 166.59±11.20 a 40,714.52±1631.35 ab
B2 4.48±0.30 a 183.84±12.81 a 43,692.41±1158.56 a
B3 4.11±0.11 abcd 175.43±8.54 a 40,213.09±2077.34 abc
A2 B1 4.42±0.09 a 172.92±11.22 a 41,998.58±2569.42 ab
B2 4.30±0.16 ab 179.34±26.17 a 40,524.95±2300.87 ab
B3 4.11±0.05 abcd 184.60±14.60 a 41,916.87±3028.84 ab
A3 B1 3.88±0.09 cdef 175.32±7.96 a 39,257.54±3010.52 bcd
B2 3.76±0.02 ef 174.63±13.72 a 37,098.51±1035.90 cde
B3 3.89±0.09 cdef 177.02±23.32 a 35,904.19±1694.56 e
平均值
Average		 A1 4.33±0.15 a 172.72±7.69 a 41,221.31±1921.66 a
A2 4.26±0.14 a 177.05±5.43 a 41,545.74±541.21 a
A3 3.83±0.09 b 174.31±1.91 a 39,931.04±2609.86 b
B1 4.24±0.26 a 169.64±4.68 b 40,551.97±1176.86 a
B2 4.14±0.33 a 177.39±3.84 a 40,487.79±3104.22 a
B3 4.03±0.15 a 177.06±4.59 a 39,931.04±2609.86 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.58 1.31 0.54
A 33.95** 0.56 36.86**
B 4.13* 2.24 5.18*
Y × A 0.04 0.04 0.30
Y × B 0.03 0 0.42
A × B 1.58 0.75 5.43**
Y × A × B 0.18 0.03 0.17

Table 4

Effect of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on the quality of storage root"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉率
Starch content (%)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar content (%)		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein content (mg g-1 FW)
2021 A1 B1 22.35±0.00 a 7.80±0.14 d 53.88±2.54 a
B2 19.74±0.87 cd 8.01±0.49 cd 52.54±3.09 ab
B3 20.90±0.50 bc 8.16±0.23 bc 51.43±2.48 ab
A2 B1 21.19±0.50 ab 8.11±0.11 bcd 52.75±1.41 ab
B2 21.19±0.50 ab 8.15±0.04 bc 50.55±4.16 ab
B3 19.74±0.87 cd 8.51±0.46 a 49.54±2.04 ab
A3 B1 20.90±0.50 bc 8.45±0.44 ab 52.28±2.76 ab
B2 19.74±0.00 cd 8.14±0.07 bc 49.59±2.05 ab
B3 19.45±1.33 d 8.52±0.40 a 48.58±1.72 b
2022 A1 B1 22.40±0.04 a 7.85±0.16 e 54.37±2.47 a
B2 19.77±0.85 cd 8.08±0.51 de 53.07±2.86 abc
B3 20.94±0.51 bc 8.22±0.26 abcd 52.05±2.41 abc
A2 B1 21.24±0.48 ab 8.14±0.11 de 53.35±1.57 ab
B2 21.23±0.51 ab 8.20±0.07 bcde 51.03±3.84 abc
B3 19.77±0.86 cd 8.56±0.49 a 49.98±1.77 bc
A3 B1 20.93±0.51 bc 8.50±0.47 abc 52.92±2.85 abc
B2 19.78±0.01 cd 8.17±0.09 cde 50.11±2.12 abc
B3 19.47±1.31 d 8.53±0.39 ab 48.81±1.74 c
平均值
Average		 A1 21.02±1.17 a 8.02±0.17 b 52.89±1.11 a
A2 20.73±0.75 a 8.28±0.21 a 51.20±1.53 ab
A3 20.05±0.69 a 8.39±0.18 a 50.38±1.81 b
B1 21.50±0.69 a 8.14±0.29 b 53.26±0.77 a
B2 20.24±0.75 b 8.13±0.07 b 51.15±1.38 b
B3 20.05±0.69 b 8.42±0.18 a 50.07±1.40 b
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.04 0.79 0.74
A 10.79** 19.82** 6.26**
B 27.03** 15.01** 10.12**
Y × A 0 0.03 0
Y × B 0 0 0
A × B 8.28** 4.12** 0.24
Y × A × B 0 0.01 0.01

Table 5

Effect of nitrogen and potassium reduction combined application treatment on soil enzyme activity"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 脲酶
Urease (mg g-1 d-1)		 蔗糖酶
Saccharase (mg g-1 d-1)		 过氧化氢酶
Catalase (mg g-1 h-1)
2021 A1 B1 4.38±0.30 c 2.71±0.13 ab 2.53±0.61 a
B2 4.62±0.13 bc 3.88±1.54 a 2.27±0.23 ab
B3 3.13±0.20 d 2.91±1.02 ab 2.67±0.23 a
A2 B1 4.51±1.65 bc 3.72±0.11 ab 2.80±0.69 a
B2 6.12±0.47 a 3.66±0.40 ab 1.60±0.00 bc
B3 5.71±0.39 ab 3.67±1.00 ab 2.67±0.83 a
A3 B1 5.00±0.41 abc 2.35±0.19 ab 2.00±0.40 abc
B2 4.44±0.67 c 2.10±1.26 b 2.13±0.23 abc
B3 4.52±0.22 bc 2.93±0.76 ab 1.33±0.23 c
2022 A1 B1 5.29±0.30 bc 4.12±1.54 a 2.61±0.61 ab
B2 5.23±0.13 bc 4.13±0.01 a 2.35±0.23 abc
B3 4.50±0.03 cde 3.25±1.02 abcde 2.95±0.2 3a
A2 B1 4.22±1.65 de 3.76±0.11 abcd 1.68±0.00 c
B2 5.53±0.47 a 3.90±0.40 ab 2.88±0.69 a
B3 5.12±0.39 bcd 4.01±1.00 a 2.95±0.83 a
A3 B1 5.21±0.41 bc 2.39±0.19 e 2.08±0.40 bc
B2 4.35±0.67 cde 2.34±1.26 e 2.21±0.23 bc
B3 4.43±0.22 cde 3.27±0.76 abcde 2.31±0.07 abc
平均值
Average		 A1 4.53±0.78 a 3.50±0.63 a 2.56±0.24 a
A2 5.20±0.73 a 3.79±0.14 a 2.43±0.62 ab
A3 4.66±0.36 a 2.56±0.44 b 2.01±0.35 b
B1 4.77±0.46 a 3.18±0.78 a 2.28±0.43 a
B2 5.05±0.70 a 3.34±0.88 a 2.24±0.41 a
B3 4.57±0.86 a 3.34±0.43 a 2.33±0.61 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.20 0.82 1.40
A 5.84** 8.73** 34.18**
B 0.51 0.57 0.16
Y×A 4.15** 0.06 0.09
Y×B 0.34 0.15 0.29
A×B 4.09** 1.01 3.47**
Y×A×B 0 0.05 0.07

Table 6

Effect of nitrogen and potassium reduction combined application on soil available nutrients"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen (mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg kg-1)
2021 A1 B1 57.00±7.00 a 217.33±15.39 a 17.69±0.13 a
B2 53.00±7.00 ab 205.74±3.56 ab 16.07±4.17 a
B3 55.00±0.00 ab 204.42±12.43 ab 16.99±4.14 a
A2 B1 47.50±7.00 abc 206.62±12.02 ab 12.70±0.96 a
B2 44.67±5.35 bcd 203.97±14.93 ab 11.09±1.34 a
B3 44.83±4.04 bcd 188.27±10.25 bc 12.30±8.64 a
A3 B1 38.17±8.81 cde 202.37±4.22 ab 10.50±2.30 a
B2 32.83±2.02 e 201.82±4.97 ab 10.08±5.66 a
B3 34.00±7.00 de 170.88±8.87 c 12.33±1.96 a
2022 A1 B1 47.44±10.87 a 213.98±19.93 a 17.14±5.51 ab
B2 43.94±10.42 a 210.76±3.76 a 20.43±2.29 a
B3 47.88±2.50 a 196.82±20.39 ab 15.49±7.44 ab
A2 B1 38.71±9.65 ab 209.78±6.99 a 18.53±1.28 a
B2 35.79±5.13 abcd 192.96±15.75 a 15.03±3.08 ab
B3 37.18±5.11 abc 189.54±14.37 a 17.27±1.89 ab
A3 B1 25.90±7.48 cde 205.83±9.49 a 11.04±3.65 b
B2 24.00±3.67 de 201.77±18.86 a 10.21±7.34 ab
B3 21.90±8.23 e 189.56±19.47 a 12.70±4.54 b
平均值
Average		 A1 50.71±5.05 a 208.16±7.39 a 17.30±1.72 a
A2 41.45±4.82 b 198.52±9.37 ab 14.49±2.96 b
A3 29.47±6.44 c 195.37±13.22 b 11.14±1.12 c
B1 42.45±10.66 a 209.32±5.55 a 14.60±3.59 a
B2 39.04±10.26 a 202.84±5.87 a 13.82±4.12 a
B3 40.13±10.33 a 189.92±11.17 b 14.51±2.35 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.13 0.39 0.97
A 24.99** 5.60** 5.00**
B 1.10 8.74** 0.30
Y×A 0.23 0.09 0.71
Y×B 0.06 0.18 0.04
A×B 0.05 1.40 0.08
Y×A×B 0.08 0.16 0.19

Table 7

Correlation analysis among characters of sweet potato yield and quality, fertilizer efficiency, and soil fertility"

性状
Trait		 SRY SRNSP STRW SC SSC SPC Ua Sa Ca AN APh APo
SRY
SRNSP 0.83**
STRW 0.22 -0.09
SC 0.30 0.52* -0.68**
SSC -0.38 -0.62** 0.55* -0.60**
SPC 0.61** 0.70** -0.47* 0.74** -0.66**
Ua 0.37 0.13 0.41 0.06 0.16 -0.03
Sa 0.69** 0.78** 0.38 0.09 -0.18 0.22 0.39
Ca 0.36 0.32 0.08 0.19 -0.15 0.19 -0.05 0.31
AN 0.58** 0.71** -0.35 0.48* -0.61** 0.53* -0.12 0.36 0.33
APh 0.53* 0.54* -0.47* 0.64** -0.77** 0.84** -0.09 0.03 0.14 0.43
APo 0.58** 0.77** 0.06 0.27 -0.44 0.53* -0.18 0.63** 0.34 0.55* 0.36
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